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Topics and References 


IN 

AMERICAN HISTORY 

1492-1783 

* 


PRINTED FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN 


HISTORY 10, 1893-94. 



COPYRIGHT BY 

EDWARD CHANNING. 

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CAMBRIDGE : 

Edw. W. Wheeler, Printer, 
1893. 

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§ 1. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA. 


The physical conformation of North America; char- 
acteristics of the Atlantic slope, of the great valleys, 
and of the Pacific slope ; climate and meteorological con- 
ditions ; natural products ; effect of these conditions on 
immigrants from Europe. 

/ General. — N. S. Shaler in N. C. H. , IY, pp. 
i-xxx, especially pp. xx-xxx. 

Special. — N. S. Shaler, Nature and Man in 
imerica; J. D. Whitney, Encyclo-Brit ., Ninth ed., 
rt. 44 United States’ ’; see also B. A. Gould, Investi- 
ations in the Military and Anthropological Statistics of 
imerica. n Sold iers . 

§ 2. ARCHAEOLOGY. 

The paleolithic implements of the Trenton gravel ; 
‘ther evidences of the antiquity of man in America ; 
attempts to connect prehistoric man with man of the 
dstoric period. 

General. — J. D. Baldwin, Ancient America ; Nadail- 
lac, Pre-historic America; G. E. Wright, The Ice Age; 
John Fiske, Discovery of America , I, 1-19 ; II. W. 
Haynes, N. C. H., I, Chapter VI. 

Special. — Charles C. Abbott, Primitive Industry 
(1882) and also in Reports of the Peabody Museum , II, 30 
and 235 ; J. W. Foster, Pre-historic Races of America ; 
John T. Short, North Americans of Antiquity (an old- 
time view). 

Bibliography. — Winsor in N. C. //., I., 369 et 
seq. and the 4 *notes” to Prof. Haynes’ chapter; P. B. 
Watson, Pre-Columbian Bibliography. 


4 


AB ORIGIN ES. 


[§ 3 . 


§ 3. ABORIGINES. 

The opposing theories of Prescott and those who rely 
on the early American Chroniclers and of Morgan and 
his followers ; condition of the Indians on the Atlantic 
sea-board in 1500 ; effect of the European settlement on 
them ; difference in the treatment of the Indian problem 
by the Spaniards, French, and English ; effects on the 
colonies of those nations. 

General. — Higginson, Larger Hist., 1-26 ; L. II. 
Morgan, Montezuma s Dinner in North American Review 
for 1876, (cxxii), and Houses and House-life , pp. 136 et 
seq. ; W. H. Prescott, Conquest of Mexico , Introduction ; 
Fiske, America , I, 21-147. 

Special. — A. F. Bandelier’s papers in Rep . of Pea- 
body Museum , II, and in the Papers of the Archaelog. 
Inst, of America , especially his Social Organization , Art 
of Warfare among the Ancient Mexicans , and The Tribe 
of Zuni; L. H. Morgan, League of the Iroquois ; H. II. 
Bancroft, Native Races of the Pacific Coast , II, and 
History of Mexico, Yol. I. 

Sources. — Bernal Diaz, Historia Verdadera , trans. 
by Lockhart ; collections of specimens in the Peabody 
Museum and elsewhere; Bancroft, Native Races , IV; 
J. L. Stephen, Incidents of Travel in Central America and 
Incidents of Travel in Yucatan; F. Catherwood, Views 
of Ancient Monuments in Central America; D. Charnav, 
Cites et Ruines Americaine's, trans. as The Ancient Cities 
of the New World; Papers of the Archaeological Institute 
of America ; J. W. Powell, Reports of U. S. Bureau 
of Ethnology and Contributions to North American 
Ethnology ; see also papers in Smithsonian Institution 
Contributions to Knowledge . 


Hd 


PRE- COL U MB IAN DISCO VER1ES . 


5 


Bibliograpy. — Winsor in N. C. H ., I, Chap. Ill, 
V, and the special works therein cited, especially H. H. 
Bancroft, Native Races. 


§ 4. PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERIES. 

Geographical knowledge of the Ancients ; the Atlantis 
and other stories ; voyages of the Northmen ; the evi- 
dence on which our knowledge of these voyages rests : 
monuments, records, sagas. 

General. — Higginson, Larger Hist., 27-52; Gay, 
Bryant 9 s Popular Hist., I, 35-63; Winsor in N. C . H., 
1, 60-69 ; Palfrey, Neiv England, I, 57 ; Fiske, America, 
1,148-218. ’*•" : 

Special. — A. M. Reeves, Finding of Wineland the 
Good; Torfaeus, Historia Vinlandiae; Rafn, Antiqui- 
tcites Americanae ; Slafter, Voyages of the Northmen; 
Tillinghast, Geographical Knowledge of the Ancients in 
N. C. //., I, Chap. I; Vining, An Inglorious Columbus 
gives all that is necessary as to the Fusang Myth : B. F. 
I)e Costa, Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the 
Northmen. 

Sources. — The sagas in Reeves, Rafn, De Costa and 
Slafter ; also in American History Leaflet, No. 3. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in N. C. H., I, 76-132, and 
P. B. Watson, Bibliog. of Pre- Columbian Discoveries of 
America in the 3rd ed. of Anderson, America Not 
Discovered by Columbus. 


6 


THE VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS. 


[§ 5 - 


§ 5. THE VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS. 

Columbus’s, early life ; attempts to get assistance ; 
contract with the Spanish monarchs. 149*2, The first 
voyage ; the land-fall. Columbus as a colonizer ; his 
later voyages; his character and place in the world’s 
history. 

4 / 

General. — Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 92-120; 
Winsor in N. C. FI., II, 1-23. 

Special. — Winsor, Christopher Columbus ; Clements 
R. Markham, Columbus; Irving, Columbus ; Fiske, 
America , I, 335-518 ; Arthur Helps, Spanish Conquest 
of America; Harrisse, Christopher Columbus. On the 
landfall see Clements R. Markham, Columbus ; Beclier, 
Landfall ; G. V. Fox, Attempt to Solve the Problem , etc., 
in U . S. Coast Survey Pep. for 1880 , Ap. xviii. 

Sources. — The letters and journal of Columbus in 
Major, Select Letters of Columbus, 2nd ed. (Hakluyt 
Soc.) ; Kettell, A Personal Narrative (gives the 
journal) ; American History Leaflets , No. 1 (gives the 
first letter and portions of the journal) , The Journal of 
Christopher Columbus (during his first voyage, 1492-3) 
translated by C. R. Markham in Hakluyt Soc. Publ. 1893. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in N. C. FI., II, 46-69. 


§ 6. THE COMPANIONS AND SUCCESSORS 

OF COLUMBUS. 


Exploration of the eastern and northern coasts of 
South America; 1513, Balboa discovers the Pacific 


MINOR VOYAGES. 


7 


{ '•] 

Ocean ; exploration of the coasts of Central America ; 
discovery of Peru and Mexico ; exploration of the 
shores of the Gulf of Mexico. 

General. — Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist ., I ; C. R. Mark- 
ham, Columbus , 238-247 ; Channing in AT. C. II., II, 
181-204. 


Special. — Irving, Companions of Columbus; Fiske, 
America, II. Helps, Spanish Conquest of America; 
II. II. Bancroft, Central America, I, especially Chap. 
II ; J. G. Shea in N. C. H, Vol. II, Chap. IV. 

Sources. — Oviedo, Ilist or ia General (ed. of the 
Real Academia) ; Herrera , Historic General; and the 
collections of documents published by the Spanish 
government. 


§ 7. THE NAMING OF AMERICA. 

Amerigo Vespucci ; the dispute as to his voyages ; 
the proposal to name the new found land in his honor; 
was Amerigo privy to the design ? The spreading of 
the name. 

General. — Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 123-128; 
C. R. Markham, Columbus, 314-356. 

Special. — Gay in N. C. II., II, Ch. Ill, and Fiske, 
America, Vol. II. 


Sources. — Varnhagen, Amerigo Vespucci; Santarem, 


8 


THE C ONQ VIS TAD ORES. 


[6 8 . 


Researches respecting Americas Vespucius ; Humboldt, 
Examen Critique , IV ; and Major in his Prince Henry 
and elsewhere ; Waldseemuller, Cosmographiae Intro- 
duct io (fac-similes of the portions in which the proposal 
to name the new land America is made are in N. C. if., 
II, 1-8). 

Bibliography. — “ Notes” to Gay’s chapter as above 
and Winsor’s very full “Notes” on Vespucius in H. (7. 
H ., II, 153-179. 


§ 8. THE SPANISH CONQUERORS. 

Mexico : Discovery and exploration ; Cortes ; Story 
of the Conquest. 

General.— Winsor in N. C. H., II, Chap. VI; 
Fiske, America , II, 213-293. 

Special. — Prescott, Conquest of Mexico; Helps, 
Spanish Conquest and Life of Cortes ; II. H. Bancroft, 
Mexico , Vol. I. 

Sources. — Despatches (of Cortes) written during the 
Conquest , trans. by George Folsom ; Bernal Diaz, 
Hist or ia Verdadera trans. by Lockhart as Memoirs of 
Diaz . 


Bibliography. — Winsor in N. C. H , II, 402-430. 


SPANISH EXPLORERS. 


9 


§ 9 .] 


Peru : Discovery ; Pizarro and the story of the 
Conquest. 

General. — Clements R. Markham in N. C. H ., IT, 
ch. VIII. 


Special. — Prescott, Conquest of Peru. Helps, 
Spanish Conquest and Life of Pizarro ; Fiske, America , 

II. 

Sources. — Noted in Narrative and Critical History , 
II, 573-578. 


§ 9. THE SPANIARDS IN THE UNITED 

STATES. 

Pouce de Leon (1513) and Narvaez (1528) ; The 
Journey of Cabeza de Vaca ; De Soto’s March from 
Florida to beyond the Mississippi ; Explorations of Fray 
Marcos (1539-43) ; Coronado in New Mexico (1540- 
42). 

General. — George Bancroft, United States, I, 23- 
31; I, 34-68; Doyle, English in America, I, 75-81; 
J. Gilmany Shea, in Narrative and Critical History, II, 
231-254; H. W. Haynes in ibid, II, 473-498; Park- 
man, Pioneers of France, Chapter I (on Florida only) ; 
Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 139-173; Hildreth, 
United States, I, 36, 39, 43-44, 47-49. 

Special and Sources. — On Florida : Theodore 

Irving, Conquest of Florida; Bernard Shipp, De Soto 
and Florida; Charles C. Jones, Georgia, I ; Paul 


10 


F BENCH EXPLORERS. 


[{ 10. 


Gaffarel, Histoire de Floride Francaise ; Higginson, 
Explorers; Smith’s Cabeza de Vaca ; A. F. Bandelier, 
Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America , Vols. 
I, II and IV deal with Cabeza de Vaca and Fray Marcos. 
Many of the important documents are in French’s His- 
torical Collections of Louisiana. New Mexico : Simpson, 
Coronado' s March; W. H. H. Davis, Spanish Conquest 
of New 3Iexico ; II. H. Bancroft, North Mexican States , 
I, 71-7(3, 82-87 ; and Neio Mexico and Arizona. 

Bibliography. — Shea in Narrative and Critical His- 
tory , 283 (Florida) and Haynes, in ibid, 448 (New 
Mexico) . 


§ 10. EARLY FRENCH EXPLORERS. 

The French fisheries; 1524, Verrazano’s voyage ; 
evidence for and against its having been made ; Norum- 

o o 1 

bega and other similar tales; 1534, Cartier’s first voyage 
to the lower Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1535, Cartier’s 
second voyage up the St. Lawrence to Montreal ; 1540, 
Cartier’s third expedition with Roberval ; failure of the 
colony. 


General. — G. Bancroft, United, States (Original 
Edition), I, 15-28; (Author’s last revision), I, 15-21 ; 
Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 174-199 ; Parkman, Pio- 
neers of France; Doyle, English in America , Virginia f 
etc., I, 82-87 ; Palfrey, New Eng and , I, 64-67 ; Com- 
pendious History , I, 2 ; Hildreth, United States , L 42, 
44-46. 

Special. — Verrazano : George Dexter in Narrative 
and Critical History , IV, 4-9 ; Brevoort, Verrazano the 


* This will be hereafter cited as Doyle’s Virginia. 


FRENCH COLONIES. 


11 


§n.] 


Navigator ; Murphy, Voyage of Verrazzano ; De Costa, 
Verrazzano the Explorer . Cartier : De Costa in Narrative 
and Critical History , IV, 47-62 ; H. 13. Stephens, 
Jacques Cartier ; Harrisse, Discovery of America. 


Sources. — The Verrazano Map ; Magazine of American 
History , IT, 449; Narrative and Critical History , IV, 
26. Murphv, Verrazzano, 91 ; Verrazano’s letter is in 
ibid, 170; lligginson’s Explorers , 60-69 ; Cartier’s 

u Narratives ” in Hakluyt; Navigations , III, 201 et seq. 
(Reprint in Hakluyt Soc. Publications) ; Higginson, 
Explorers , 91-117. 

Bibliography. — Verrazano, Dexter in N. C. H ., IV, 
17-29 ; Cartier, De Costa in N. C. II., IV, 62-68. 


§11. THE HUGUENOT SETTLEMENTS. 


The Hu guenots ; y 1 555— 1 560 ) The attempt to found 
a colony in Brazil; (1562) Iiibault’s colony — at Port 
Royal Sound; (1564) Laudonniere builds Port Caro- 
line; (1565) Menendez’ Massacre. 

G-eneral. — Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 189-223; 
Parkman, Pioneers (Revised Ed., 1887), 27-179 ; Doyle, 
Virginia, I, 88-100; George Bancroft, United States 
(Orig. Ed.), 68-83; (Last Rev.) I, 50-59; Hildreth, 
United Slates, I, 71-75. 

Special.— J. G. Shea in N. C. H., II, 260-283 ; Park- 
man, Pioneers ; Sparks, Life of Ribault ; Baird, Huguenot 
Emigration ; Fairbanks, St. Augustine. 

Sources. — Documents in French, Hist. Coll, of 
Louisiana and Florida, II; Higginson, Explorers, \h§- 

166. 


Bibliography. — Shea in N. G. H., II, 292 et seq. 


12 


CHAMPLAIN. 


[§ 12 . 

§ 12. CHAMPLAIN AND FRENCH COLONIZA- 
TION. 

1630, De Monts and his patent; 1604, Settlements on 
Bay of Fundy; Champlain on the New England coast; 
1608, Founds Quebec ; 1609, Discovers Lake Champlain ; 
1615, Lake Huron ; 1629, Sir T. Kertts captures Quebec ; 
1632, Treaty of St. Germain, New France, Acadia, and 
Canada confirmed to France; 1632-1633, La Tour and 
D’Aulnay ; 1613-1713, Progress of the colonies; 1713, 
Treaty of Utrecht — Acadia added to England ; Northern 
boundary of Canada. 

General. — Shifter in A. C. H ., IV, 103-122; Gay, 
Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 312-313, 321 ; Doyle, Virginia , 
I, 146; G. Bancroft, United States (Original Edition), I, 
29-34 ; (Last Revision) I, 18-21 ; Hildreth, United States, 
I, 91-92. 

Special. — Parkin an, Pioneers of France (Edition of 
1887), 187-443 ; Slafter’s Champlain , Memoir prefixed to 
his ed. of voyages (3 vols. in Prince Society Publ.) ; 
Murdock’s Nova Scotia; Hannav, Acadia; The Writings 
of 0. H. Marshall relating to the West. 

Sources. — Champlain’s Oeuvres (Ed. of Lauerdiere, 
Quebec, 1870). Translated in Slafter’s Champlain; 
O’Callaghan, Documentary Hist, of N. Y ., Ill; Iliggin- 
son, Explorers , 269-278; Lescarbot, Histoire de la Nou- 
velle France (portions are translated by Erondells in 
Purchas, Pilgrimes , IV, 1605-1645). 

Bibliography. — Shifter in N. C. H., IV, 130, and his 
Champlain ; for Acadia see also N. C. H ., IV, 147-162. 


LA SALLE . 


13 


$ 13 .] 


§ 13. FRENCH EXPLORERS IN THE INTERIOR, 

1634-35, Nicollet discovers Lake Michigan and a tribu- 
tary of the Mississippi ; 1673, Joliet and Marquette dis- 
cover the Mississippi ; 1680, Hennepin discovers Falls of 
St. Anthony. 1681, La Salle explores it to its mouth ; La 
Salle’s attempt to found a colony on the lower Mississippi 
and death. 1699, Settlement of Louisiana and history to 
1763. The spirit of French colonization — the Jesuits 
and the traders. 

General. — Cay, Bryant's Pop. Hist.. II, 494-553 ; 
Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac , Chapter II ; G. Ban- 
croft, United States (Original Edition), III, 109-174 ; 
(Last Rev.), II, 149-174; Hildreth, United States, II, 
99-122. 

Special. — Nicollet to Joliet — E. D. Neill in N . C. H ., 
IV, Ch. V. : Monette, Hist, of the Valley of the Missis- 
sippi; J. G. Shea, Exploration of the Mississippi Valley ; 
Parkman, La Scdle and the Discovery of the Great West 
(Revised Ed., 1879) ; A Half Century of Conflict , Yol. I, 
Chapter XIII; Gayarre, Louisiana; Shea’s Hennepin; 
Garneau, Iiistoire de Canada; Bryce, Hist, of the Cana- 
dian People; McMullen, The History of Canada , Ed. 
1891, Vol. I. 

Sources. — Margry, Memoires , etc. (six vols. contains 
the original documents) ; French, Hist. Coll, of Louisi- 
ana ; the more important papers relating to La Salle are 
translated by J. G. Shea in his Early Voyages up and 
down the Mississippi ; Charlevoix, Histoire Generate de la 
Nouvelle France translated by Shea as History and Gen- 
eral Description of New France in six volumes to which is 
prefixed a “Memoir” of the author by the translator ; 


14 


THE CABOTS. 


[$ 14 . 


Relation cles Jesuits; Publications of the Quebec Historical 
and Literary Society ; Leclerc, Premier Etablissement de 
la Foy dans la Nouvelle France translated by Shea a 
First Establishment of the Faith in New France; Shea, 
Hennepin' s Description of Louisiana. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical 
History , IV, 190-202; Griffin in Magazine of American 
History for 1883. 


§ 14. THE CABOTS. 

1497, John Cabot discovers the northern continents. 
The evidence as to the date, as to the man. The Cabot 
maj). Other voyages of the Cabots. Title by discovery. 
Bull of Alexander. Effect of the Cabot voyages on 
English colonization. 

General. — Charles Deane in N. C. H ., Ill, 1-7 ; C. 
R. Markham, Columbus , 226-233 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. 
Hist., I, 129-138; G. Bancroft, United States , 7-13; 
(Original Ed.), I, 8-15 ; Iligginson, Larger Hist., 78-84 ; 
Eiske, America, 11,2-15; Doyle, Virginia , 3-26,37- 
39 ; Palfrey, New England , I, 60-63 ; Compendious 
History , I, 2; Hildreth, United, States, 1,34-36. 

Special. — Charles Deane as above pp. 7-38. Richard 
Biddle, Sebastian Cabot. ' As to the date see also R. II. 
Major, True Date of the English Discovery ; Ilarrisse, 
Discovery of America. 

Sources. — The Cabot Map, N. C. II., Ill, 52 ; Gay, 
Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 193; for other facsimiles see N. 
C. II., Ill, 81, note 3. For the inscriptions on the map 


THE ENGLISH SEAMEN. 


15 


$ 15 .] 

see Deane’s paper in 2, Mass. Hist . Soc. Proc ., Vol. VI ; 
Letters from Raimondo de Socino, dated London, 1497 
in N. C. H ., Ill, 53-55 ; the most important sources are 
printed in Am. His. Leaflet , No. 9. See also Higginson, 
Explorers , 55-59. - 

Bibliography. — Charles Deane in V. C. II. as above, 
Vol. Ill, Chapter I. 


§ 15. THE ENGLISH SEAMEN. 

The Hawkins father and son ; the slave-trade ; 15G7, 
the defeat at St. Juan d’Ulloa; 1577-1580, Drake’s 
voyage around the world ; his explorations on the coast 
of California. 

General. — Higginson, Larger History, 84-107 ; E. E. 
Hale in JN. C . II., Vol. Ill, Chap. II ; G. Bancroft, 
United States (Original Edition), I, 98-100 ; (Last Rev.) , 
I, 66 ; Hildreth, United States, I, 79, 81. 

Special. — Payne, Voyages of the Elizabethan Seamen; 
Fronde, Hist. England, XI, 94, 369-403, 441 ; Higgin- 
son, American Explorers ; J . Corbett, Sir Francis Drake. 


Sources. — Markham, The Hawkins ’ Voyages in 
Hakluyt Soc. Publ. for 1878 ; Fletcher, The World 
encompassed by Sir Francis Drake, reprinted by Hakluyt 
Soc. in 1855 ; Davidson, Identification of Sir Francis 
Drake's Anchorage. 


Bibliography — Winsor in N. C. II., Ill, 78-84. 


16 


ENGLISH EXPL (JEERS. 


[$ 16 


§ 16. OTHER EARLY ENGLISH EXPLORERS. 

1527, John Rut; 1567, Ingram’s March; 1578 and 
1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s voyages. 

General. — Doyle, Virginia , 43-51 ; Gay, Bryant's 
Pop. History , I, 226, 229-240 ; G. Bancroft, United 
States (Original Edition), I, 86, 100-102; (Last Revi- 
sion). I, 66-69 ; Palfrey, New England , I, 67-69 ; Com- 
pendious History , I, 3 ; Hildreth, United States , I, 76-80. 

Special — De Costa in Narrative and Critical History, 
III, Chapter YI. For Gilbert’s voyage see Payne, 
Voyages of the Elizabethan Seamen. 

Sources are enumerated in Narrative and Critical 
History , III, 184-187. Gilbert’s Patent is in Hazard’s 
Historical Collectiorts , 1, 24. 


§ 17. THE RALEGH COLONIES. 

Ralegh’s career. 1584, the patent from Elizabeth — 
its form and significance ; 1584, Amadas and Barlow 
explore the coast — the naming of Virginia; 1585, 
Ralegh’s first colony — returns home, 1586. Hariot’s • 
Narrative, 1587. “The lost colony.” What became of 
the colonists ? 


General. — W. W. Henry in N. C. II. , ITT , 108-115; 

Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist. I, 240-261 ; Doyle, Virginia , 
56-74 ; G. Bancroft, United States (Original Edition), I, 
102-126; (Last Revision), 1,69-79; Palfrey, Compen- 
dious History , I, 4; Hildreth, United States , I, 80-87. 


NEW ENGLAND EXPLORERS. 


17 


5 is.] 


Special. — Tarbox, Sir Walter Palegh (Prince Soci- 
ety) ; Hawks, North Carolina ; Payne, Elizabethan 
Seamen. 

Sources. — The documents are in Hawks, North Caro~ 
Una, Yol. I. The Ralegh Patent is in Charters and 
Constitutions , II, 1379. See also Archaeologia Ameri- 
cana , IV ; 3 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll, VIII, 117. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
121-126. S 


§ 18. 


GOSNOLD, PRING, AND WEYMOUTH. 


1602, Gosnold’s voyage ; the nature of the voyage ; 
1603, Pring in Plymouth harbor; 1605, Weymouth on 
the coast of Maine. Effect of these voyages. 


General. — Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 262-267, 315- 
316; Doyle, Virginia, 105, 107-108 ; G. Bancroft, United 
States (Original Edition), I, 127-132, (Last Revision) 
I, 79-81 ; Palfrey, New England, I, 70-76 ; Compendious 
History, I, 4-5 ; Hildreth, United States, I, 90. 


Special. — B. F. de Costa, in Narrative and Critical 
History, III, 169-183 ; ibid, in New Engl. Hist. Gen. Peg. 
1878, p. 76. 


Sources. — Gilbert’s patent is in Hazard, Tracts, I, 24 ; 
Gosnold-Brereton’s and Archer’s narratives in 3 Mass. 
Hist. Soc. Coll., V I II ; Pring— Purchas, Pilgrimes , VI ; 
1654, V, 829 ; Weymouth-Rosier in 3 Mass. Hist. Soc. 
Coll., VIII, 125. Portions of these documents are given 
in Higginson, Explorers, 85-92, 202, 213-221. 


Bibliography. — B. F. de Costa in Narrative and 
Critical History, III, 184-199 and "‘Editorial Notes,” pp. 
199-218. 


18 


VIRGINIA. 


[$ 19 - 


§ 19. VIRGINIA TO 1624. 


The charters of 1606, 1609, and 1612. The limits 
of Virginia according to these charters, powers of gov- 
ernment conferred, rights of colonists, etc. 1607, 
Jamestown settled, Captain John Smith, his place in 
Virginia history and as a writer. The first years of the 
colony. Dale’s Laws. Tobacco. 1619, Negro Slavery 
and local self-government. 1621, the Ordinance. The 
struggle for the charter. 1622, The Massacre. 1624, 
The charter annulled. Character of the government of 
Virginia. 


General. — Doyle, Virginia, 101-184; Gay, Bryant's 
Pop . Hist ., I, 167-307 : Lodge, English Colonies , 1-12 ; 
G. Bancroft, United' States (Original Edition), I, 133 — 
176; (Last Revision), T, 99—118 : Palfrey, New England, 
I, 85-100; Compendious History , I, 8-16; Hildreth, 
United States , I, 94-96, 99-126. 

Special. — Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United, 
States (to 1616 only) ; Smith, Virginia ; Burk, Virginia , 
Vol. I; Charles Campbell, Introduction to the Hist, of 
Virginia ; Charles Campbell, History of Virginia ; R. 
Beverly, Virginia ; Ch aimer’s Annals. 


Sources. — John Smith, A True Relation of Such 
Occurrences . ... as have happened in Virginia , Loud. 
1808 (reprinted with notes by Charles Deane) ; ibid ., 
General Historie (both of these are in Arber’s Student’s 
Series) ; ibid . , Map of Virginia , reprinted in N. C. II. , 
III, 166, Deane’s ed. of True Relation; Wingfield, A 
Discourse of Virginia in Arch aeologia Americana, IV, 67 ; 
Neill, Virginia Company; ibid., Virginia Vetusta; Force’s 


VIRGINIA. 


19 


$ 20 .] 


Tracts , III. The Records of the Assembly of 1619 are 
in Mass. Hist. Sue. Coll . for 1857, Hen mg, Statutes at 
Large. The Virginia Charters are in Charters and Con- 


stitutions, 1888, et seq ; w ‘Dale’s Laws” are 
Tracts , irr, and the Ordinance of 1621 is 
Statutes, I, 110, and in Preston, Documents 
Extracts from the more important documents 
ginson, Explorers. 


in Force, 
in Ilcning, 
, p. 82-35. 
are in Hie- 

O 


Bibliography. — The Notes to the Chapter on Vir- 
ginia in N. C. IT., Ill, and bibliographical essay follow- 
ing, also k ‘Note on Smith’s Publications” in ibid., p. 211. 


§20. VIRGINIA 1624-1688. 


1629-39, Governor Harvey’s Administration ; 1652, 
Surrender to the Commonwealth, Self-government to 
1658; 1658-1677, Berkeley’s Second Administration. 
1676, Bacon’s Rebellion. Social and constitutional 
changes proposed. 


General. — R. A. Brock in N. C. II., Ill, 146-153; 
Gay, Bryant 9 s Pop. Hist., I, 482-483 ; II, 200-220, 290- 
308; III, 51-58; Lodge, English Colonies, 12-24; Ban- 
croft, United States (Original Edition), I, 209-252; II, 
188-234, 246-256 ; (Last Revision) I, 135-153, 442-474 ; 
Hildreth, United States, I, 126-135, 209-215, 335-357, 
509-566. 


Special. — Doyle, Virginia, 185-266 and works 
(especially Charles Campbell’s Llistory) mentioned under 
§ 19 except Chalmers. Also Meade, Old Churches and, 
Families of Virginia, and Slaughter, Bristol Parish and 
St. Mark's Parish; Neill, Virginia Carolorum. 


20 


FRO VINCI AL VIRGINIA. 


[§ 21 . 


Sources. — The articles of Surrender to the Common- 
wealth forces are in Virginia Historical Register , II, 182. 
The history of Virginia from that time to the Restoration 
is best studied in Hening Statutes at Large. For Bacon’s 
Rebellion see documents in Force’s Tracts , 1 ; M. II. S. 
Proc., IX, 299 ; Burk’s Virginia , II, 247 and 250, The 
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography , I, 167 ; 
Kercheval’s Hist, of the Valley of Virginia; Hening, 
Statutes , II, 341-365, 543 and elsewhere. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
164. 


§ 21 . 


PROVINCIAL VIRGINIA, 1688-1750. 


Character of the period 1692, William and Mary Col- 
lege founded. Commisary Blair. The “paper towns.” 
1710-1722, Spotswood, governor. 1736, First number of 
the Virginia Gazette. Population, extent, commerce, 
social life and government in 1750. 


G-eneral. — Campbell, Introduction , 100-117; Winsor 
in N. C. II, , III, 263-270; Doyle, Virginia , 1, 266- 
274 ; Lodge, English Colonies , 24-40 ; Gay, Bryant's 
Popular History , 111, 59—80 ; G. Bancroft, United States 
(Original Edition), III, 25-29 ; (Last Revision), II, 17- 
20, 341 ; Hildreth, United States , IT, 90-91, 173-182, 
208-210, 233-240, 326-329, 414. 


Special. — The histories of Virginia mentioned in 
§ 19 and § 20 (except Beverly) and Howison, Hist . of 
Virginia. 

Sources. — Hening’ s Statutes; Maury, Memoirs of a 
Huguenot Family ; Palmer, Calendar of Virginia State 
Papers ; Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton, Present State of 
Virginia ; Jones, Present State of Virginia. 


MAE YL AND. 


21 


§ 22 .] 


Bibliography. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical 
History , Y, 273-284. 


§ 22. SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND. 

George Calvert and the Avalon colony, 1632 ; The 
Maryland Charter, 1634. Maryland settled. Contentions 
with Clayborne. The object of the Calvert’s colonizing 
schemes. The land system, development of self-govern- 
ment, industries, taxation, disputes with the Baltimores, 
population, etc. in 1750. 

General. — Doyle, Virginia , 275-313; Brantly in N. 
C. 77., Ill, 517-543 (gives the Maryland version) ; Gay, 
Bryant's, Pop. Hist., I, 485-510; Lodge, English Col- 
onies, 93-109; G. Bancroft, United States (Original 
Edition), I, 253-285 ; (Last Revision), I, 154-176 ; Hil- 
dreth, United States, I, 204-215. 


Special. — Bozman, Hist, of Maryland (to 1660) ; 
Burnap, Life of Leonard Calvert in Spark’s American 
Biography, Yol. XIX; Scharf, Hist, of Maryland; Mc- 
Mahon, Hist, of Maryland (constitutional) ; Neill, Terra 
Ma riae ; Chalmers, Annals. 


Sources. — A Relation of Maryland, Loud., 1635 
reprinted 1865 ; White, Relatio Itineris trails, in Forces 
Tracts IY, Maryland Hist. Soc. Fund Publ., No. 7 and 
supplement ; Archives of Maryland ; Bacon’s Laws of 
Maryland. A translation of the Avalon Charter is in 
Sch art’s Maryland. The Maryland Charter in Latin is 
in Charters and Constitutions, 811 ; Hazard, Historical 
Collection, 1, 327 ; and in English in Bacon’s Laics, Rres- 
t on’s Documents, 62 ; Bozman, Maryland, II, p. 9 ; Scharf, 
Maryland, I, 53. 


22 


MARYLAND: 


[f 23. 


Bibliography. — Brantly in Narrative and Critical 
History , III, 553-562. 


§ 23. THE PURITANS IN MARYLAND. 


The Charter and Religion, Was Maryland ‘ha Roman 
Catholic colony?” The coining of the Puritans. 1649, 
The Toleration Act, Why and by whom was it passed? 
Governor Stone. The Commonwealth and Maryland. 
Clayborne and Bennett. Maryland and the Quakers. 
FendalPs and Coode’s Rebellions, 1692. Maryland a 
royal province. The Protestant Episcopal Church estab- 
lished by law. 1715, Baltimore restored. Religion in 
Maryland in 1750. 

General. — Gay, Bryant's Popular History , I, 510- 
516 ; Doyle, Virginia , I, 277-313 ; Dodge, English Colo- 
nies , 93-109 ; G. Bancroft, United States (Original 
Edition), 1,255-285; 111,30-34; (Last Revision), I, 
155-176, 437-441 ; IT, 20-23 ; Hildreth, United States , I, 
353-367, 509-572 ; II, 92. 


Special. — The histories of Maryland mentioned in 
§ 22. On the Roman Catholic side see R. H. Clark in 
the Catholic World , Dec. 1875 and Oct. 3, 1883 and 
Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration; B. T. John- 
son, Maryland Ilist. Soc. Fund Publ ., No. 18. On 
the other side see Streeter, Maryland Two Hundred 
Years Ago ; G. L. Davis, Pay Star of American Freedom ; 
Neill, in Contemp. Rev. for Sept., 1876, and Maryland 
not a Homan Catholic colony ; Gladstone, Vaticanism. 


Sources. — See § 22. 


The Toleration Act is in 


Bacon, Laics. An extract is printed in Narrative and 
Critical History , HI, 534. 


THE CAROLINA S. 


23 


i 24 .] 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
560-561 and especially the note by the editor on p. 560. 


§ 24. THE CAROLINAS. 

1629-1631, Grant to Sir Robert Heath of Carolana. 
Early attempts at colonization 1663. Grant to Clarendon 
and associates of Carolina. 1665, another charter to 
the same grantees. 1669, The Fundamental Constitu- 
tions. Early settlements under these grants. Charles- 
ton founded. Character of the proprietary government, 
society, religion, education, industries. 1729-1731, Caro- 
lina divided and sold to the King. The royal govern- 
ment. Population and trade in 1750. 

General. — Win. J. Rivers in N C. II., V, 285-334; 
Doyle, Virginia, 328-380 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., I, 
268-289 ; Lodge, English Colonies, 142-169 ; G. Ban- 
croft, United States (Original Edition), I, 97—108 ; II, 
128-187 III, 13-24; (Last Revision) 1, 408-436; II, 
9-13, 340; Hildreth, United States , II, 25-43, 211-215, 
228-233, 267, 276, 285-293, 336-340. 

Special. — Hewatt’s South Carolina, and Georgia in 
Carroll, Hist. Collection of South Carolina , Yol. I ; Rivers 
Sketch of the Hist, of South Carolina; Ramsay, South 
Carolina ; Martin, South Carolina; Hawks, North Caro- 
lina, Yol. IT ; Moore, North Carolina. 

Sources. — He watt’s South Carolina and documents 
printed by Hawks and Rivers. Cooper’s Laws of South 
Carolina; Archives of North Carolina. The Charleston 
Year Books. Chalmers, Annals (the portions relating to 
South Carolina are in Carroll, Hist. Collections, vol. ii). 


24 


GEORGIA. 


[§ 25 . 


The Carolina grant to Heath is in Colonial Records of 
North Carolina; I, 5-13. The Carolina Charters of 1663 
and 1GG5 are in Charters and Constitutions , II, 1382 and 
1390. “The Fundamental Constitutions,” ed. 1GG9, is in 
ibid, II, 1397. 

Bibliography. — The foot-notes to Mr. River’s chapter 
in Narrative and Critical History as above, and Mr. 
Winsor’s essay and notes in ibid , Y, 335-35 G. 


§ 25. GEORGIA. 


Oglethorpe and the English philanthropists, 1732. The 
Georgia Charter, 1733, Savannah settled. The early 
settlers. Slavery. Land system. Government and 
religion. 1752, Charter surrendered to the crown. 


Greneral. — Charles C. Jones in Narrative and Critical 
History , Y, 357-392 ; Lodge, English Colonies , 186-196 ; 
Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., Hi , 140-1 G9 ; G. Bancroft, 
United States (Original Edition), 1 1 1, 41 7-146 ; (Last 
Revision), II, 281-299; Hildreth, United States, II, 
362-369, 374-385. 

Special. — C. C. Jones, Georgia, Yol. I; Stevens, 
Georgia. 

Lives of Oglethorpe have been written by T. M. 
Harris, Robert Wright. 


Sources. — He watt’s South Carolina and Georgia as 
above; McCall, Hist, of Georgia, Yol. I. The Georgia 
Charter is in Charters and Constitutions, I, 369. 


Bibliography. — Jones in Narrative and Critical 
History. 


NEW YORK. 


25 


§ 20 .] 


§ 26. NEW NETHERLAND, 


Early voyages. (1609.) Henry Hudson and bis explo- 
rations, 1614. The United Netherland Company, 1621. 
The Dutch West India Company. Its objects and gov- 
ernment. 1629. The Charter of Privileges to Patroons. 
The Dutch and the Indians. Internal affairs. 1647-64. 
Governor Stuyvesant. Relations with the Swedes and 
English. 1664-1674. The English conquest. Popula- 
tion, mode of life, industries, etc., in 1664. Influence 
of the Dutch on American history. Later history of the 
pntroonship. 

General . — B. Fernow in A. C. II., IV, 395-409; 
Gay, Bryant's Pop. Ilist., I, 337-369, 429-449 ; II, 1 15- 
164; Lodge, English Colonies, 285-295; G. Bancroft, 
United States (Original Edition), II, 256-313; (Last 
Rev.) 1,475-518; Palfrey, New England, I, 235-238; 
Hildreth, United States, I, 136-149, 413-445. 

Special. — Win. Smith, History of New York to 1732 ; 
E. B. O’Callaghan, New Netherland (3 vols. to 1647) ; 
Hist, of New York (Vol. I covers the Dutch period.) 

Sources. — Documents relating to the Colonial History 
of New York (ii vols.). Documents relating to the 
History of the Colony of Neiv York (8 vols.). Read, 
Henry Hudson (many important original documents in 
the appendix) ; Arber, Henry Hudson, the Navigator ; 
Asher, Henry Hudson (Hakluyt Society) ; also New 
York Hist. Soc. Coll., I, 61-188; De Vries, Korte Ilis- 
toriael, trans. in New York Hist. Soc. Coll., Ill, 1-136 ; 
De Laet, Nieuwe Wereld , trans. in New York Hist. Soc. 
Coll., New Series, I, 281-315 and II. 373; Van der 
Donck, Beschrijoinge van Nieiv Nederlant, trans. in 2 
New York Hist. Soc. Coll., I, 125 ; Meleynt (?) Breeden 


26 


NEW YORK. 


H 2T. 


Roldt Aende Vereenichde Nederlandsche Frovintien , trans. 
in 2 JVeto Yorft Z/fsL $oc. Coll., III., 237-283. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , IV, 
409-432 and 439-442. 


§ 27. THE ENGLISH IN NEW YORK. 


1664 and 1674. Grants to James of York. Governor 
Nicoll and the Duke of York’s Laws, Governor Donjan 
and the Charter of Liberties. 1689-91, “Leisler’s Rebel- 
lion.” 1732, Zenger’s Case. 1741, The Negro Plot. 
Population, modes of life, trade, management of the 
Indians, and character of the royal government. 


General. — Lodge, 295-311 ; J. A. Stevens in Narra- 
tive and Critical History , III, 385-411 ; B. Fcrnow in 
ibid., V, 189-207 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., II, 318-354, 
III, 222-253 ; G. Bancroft, United States (Original Edi- 
tion), II, 320-326, II, 405, 415-426, III, 50-65 (Last 
Revision), I, 518-527, II, 36-46, 339 ; Hildreth United 
States , I, 445-450, H, 44-57, 76-78, 87, 91, 130, 138- 
140, 182-187, 192, 200-201, 219, 226, 246, 315, 357- 
361, 391, 408. 


Special. — Smith, New York, I, 50-282, 413-506 ; 
Brodhead, New York, Vols. II and III (to 1691). 

Sources. — The grants to James Duke of York are in 
Charters, pp. 783 and 786. The “Duke of York’s Laws” 
have been reprinted under that title by the State of 
Pennsylvania, also in New York Hist. Soc. Coll., I, 307- 
428. For Leisler’s Rebellion see “The Leisler Papers” 
in New York Hist. Soc. Fund Publ., I, and Chandler’s 
Criminal Trials, I, 255. For other references see “Edi- 


NEW JEBEEY. 


27 


§ 28 .] 

torial Note” in N. C. II., V, 240. For Zenger’s trial 
see Howell’s State Trials , XVII and Chandler, Criminal 
Trials , I, 151. For the Negro Plot of 1741 see ibid. , I, 
211 . 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
410-415 and V, 240-242. 


§ 28. NEW JERSEY. 


1664 and 1674, Grants to Berkeley and Carteret. “The 
concessions.” Troubles about quit-rents. The Friends 
get control. Their ideas of government, 170. New 
Jersey becomes a royal province. Population, mode of 
life, industries, local government, land system, etc. 


General. — Lodge, English Colonies , 263-272 ; Gay, 
Bryant's Pop. Hist., II. 321-323 ; G. Bancroft, United 
States (Original Edition), II, 315-319, 359-363, 410- 
414; III, 47-50 (Last Revision), I, 520-524; II, 31-33, 
342; Hildreth, United Stntes , II, 51-61, 207, 557, 361, 
356. 


Special. — Wm. A. Whitehead in N. C. II., Ill, 420- 
449 and Fernow in ibid, V, 217-222 ; Whitehead, East 
Jersey under the Proprietary Government. 


Sources. — Samuel Smith, History of the Colony of 
Nova- Caesar ia, or New Jersey to 1721. Learning and 
Spicer, Grants, concessions , etc. ; the New Jersey Ar- 
chives, ed. bv Whitehead. 

' «/ 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History, III 
and V. 


28 


PENNS YL VANIA . 


[$ 20 . 


§ 29. PENNSYLVANIA SETTLED. 

Early colonists on west side of Delaware, Dutch and 
Swedes. Population in 1682. “The Friends” and their 
opinions. Wm. Penn’s early life. His connection with 
colonization. The Pennsylvania Charter and the Re- 
leases of the “counties on Delaware.” The boundary 
dispute between the Penns and the Baltimores. Mason 
and Dixon line. The northern boundary. Disputes 
with Connecticut. 


General. — Lodge, English Colonies , 211-213; George 


Bancroft, United States, l. 
Hist., II, 486-495; E. D. 
cal History , III, 469-495 
(Original Ed.), 363-104 ; 


552-573 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. 
Stone in Narrative and Criti- 
; G. Bancroft, United States 
Hildreth, United States, II, 62- 



Special. — The Swedes ; C. B. Keen in N. C. II., IY r 
443-488; Vincent, History of Delaware. The Friends: 
S. M. J.inney, History of the Society of Friends; Evans, 
History of the Friends; Win. Penn : Janney, Life of Penn; 
Clarkson, Memoirs of Penn; Dixon, Life of Penn (issued 
by Society of Friends). Macaulay’s charges against 
Penn are contained in his History of England, Chapters V 
and VIII. For a defence of Penn against these charges 
see Janney’s and Dixon’s lives ; W. E. Foster, William 
Penn and T. B. Macauley; Paget, Inquiry into the Evi- 
dence, etc. ; and other works mentioned in “Note” 3 to N. 
C '. II., Ill, 506. For a very hostile view of Penn see 
Maryland Hist. Soc. 

Histories of Pennsylvania : Robert Proud, Pennsylva- 
nia; Gordon, Pennsylvania ; Bowden, History of Friends 
in America, Vol. II : Egle, An Illustrated Hist, of Penn- 
sylvania; George Smith, Hist, of Delaware County. 


PENNS YL VANIA. 


29 


80 .] 


Sources. — For the Swedes see Keen in Narrative and 
Critical History , IV, 489 and foil. The Friends : Besse, 
Sufferings of the People called Quakers ; Sewel, History oj 
the Quakers . Pennsylvania: Votes of the Assembly ; Haz- 
ard, Pennsylvania Archives ; Minutes of the Counsel ; The 
Duke of York's Laws ; Bioren, Laws of Penna. ; Dal- 
las, Laivs of Penna.; The Charter of Pennsylvania and 
the “concessions” are in Charters and Constitutions , II, 
1509-1516. 


Bibliography - — F. L). Stone in Narrative and Critical 
History , III, 495-516. The authorities on the southern 
boundary dispute are enumerated in ibid, p. 513. See 
also : Maryland Hist. Soc. 


§ 30. PENNSYLVANIA 1685-1750. 

1692, The government of the province taken from 
Penn, restored to him 1664. The four Frames of 
Government and the Charter of Privileges of 1701. 
Constitutional history of Pennsylvania 1701-1750. The 
struggle with the Proprietaries about taxation. Popula- 
tion, mode of life, industries, local government in 1750. 

General. — Lodge, English Colonies , 213-226 ; Fernow 
in N. C. H., V, 207-217 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., Ill, 
170-191 ; G. Bancroft, United States (Orig. Ed.), II, 397- 
404, III, 35-46; (Last Rev.), II, 24-30, 341 ; Hildreth, 
United States, II, 171-172, 183, 186,205-207, 242-245, 
260, 320-321, 342-345. 

Special. — The general histories mentioned in § 28. 
Lifes of Franklin, Bigelow, Works of Franklin , Vols. II, 

III, IV, VII, X. 


30 


NEW ENGLAND. 


[ 531 . 

Sources. — The Frames of Government and the Charter 
of 1701 are in Charters and Constitutions, \I, lol8 and 
following. See also the collections of laws and docu- 
merits mentioned in § 28 and the Penn and Logan Cor res. 
in Penna . Hist. Soc. Memoirs , Yols. IX and X. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical 
History , V, 242-249. 


§31. EARLY VOYAGES TO NEW ENGLAND. 

The story of Norunibega ; voyages of Gosnold (1602), 
Pring (1603), Weymouth (1605). The Poph am colony 
(1607) and its place in New England’s History. Capt. 
John Smith’s voyage along the coast (1614) and his map. 

General. — Gay, Bryants ’ Pop. Hist ., I, 262-268, 327 ; 
J. G. Palfrey, History of New England , I, 51-100 ; Com- 
pendious History of New England , I, 4-7, 16; Doyle, 
Puritan Colonies , I, 14-23 ; Barry, Massachusetts , 1, 
Ch. I, 1-30; Hildreth, United States, I, 90. 


Special. — B. F. DeCosta in N. C. H., Ill, 172-184 ; 
Winsor in ibid., Ill, 209. 

Sources. — Gosnold’s voyage, Brenton’s A Brief and 
True Relation and Archer’s Relation, both reprinted in 3 
M. II. S. Coll., Y1I1, 72-123 ; Pring’s voyage, Purchas. 
Pilgrimes, IV, 1654-1656 ; Weymouth’s voyage, Hosier’s 
True Relation, in 3 M. II. S . Coll., VIII, 125 ; The Pop- 
ham Colony, A Voyage to Sagadahoe and other docu- 
ments in 1 M. II. S. Proc., XVI II, 82 ; Smith’s voyage, 
Smith’s Description, 3 M. H. S. Coll., VI, 95 ; Force’s 
Tracts, II, Chap. 1^ Arber’s “ English Scholar' s Library ,” 
XVI, 175-232. 


$ 32 .] 


THE PURITANS. 


31 


Bibliography. — Norumbega: N. C. H., Ill, 184. 
Gosnold : ibid., 187. Pring : ibid., 188. Weymouth: 
ibid., 189. Popham : ibid., 192 and 209 ; N. C. H ., Ill, 
211 and Mem. Hist. Boston, I, 50. 


§ 32. THE ENGLISH PURITANS. 

1600, Condition of religion in England ; the Roman 
Catholics, the Anglicans, the Puritan Non-conformists 
and Separatists. Religious persecutions. Emigration to 
the Netherlands. 


General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 23-34 ; Pal- 
frey, New England, I, 101-132 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. 
Hist., I, 370-374 ; Hildreth, United States, I, 153 ; Ban- 
croft, United States (Author’s Last Revision), I, 177-193.. 

Special. — Curteis, Dissent in dls Delation to the 
Church of England (Bampton Lectures for 1871) ; G. E. 
Ellis, The Puritan Age and Rule and his Chapter on 
the Religious Element in New England in N. C. H., 
Ill ; D. Mountfield, The Church and the Puritans ; Douglas 
Campbell, The Puritans in England and Holland; Samuel 
Gardiner, History of England from the Accession of James 
/, Vol. I, 146-159 ; IV, 142-160. 

Sources. — Masson, Life of John Milton; H. M. 
Dexter, Congregationalism as seen in its Literature. 

Bibliography. — Ellis in Narrative and Critical 
History, III, 244 and H. M. Dexter, as above. 


32 


THE PILGRIMS . 


[$ 33 . 


§ 33. THE PILGRIMS. 

1607-1620, The Scrooby Congregation; removal to 
Leyden; life at Leyden. Reasons for the removal to 
America. Negotiations with the Virginia Company, with 
the Dutch, and with the English Government. Agree- 
ment with the Merchant Adventurers of London. 


General. — F. B. Dexter in N. C. H., Ill, 264-269 ; 

Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 34-47 ; Gay, Bryant's Pop. 
Hist. , I, 374-386 ; George Bancroft, United States 
(Author’s Last Revision), I, 194-206; John Fiske, 
Beginnings of New England; Hildreth, United States , I, 
150-160. 


Special.— Palfrey, New England, I, 147-174; Barry, 
Massachusetts, I, 31-72 ; H. M. Dexter in Sabbath at 
Home , March, and April, 1867 ; also his Notes to Mount's 
Relation and Boston Daily Advertiser, Dec. 22, 1885 ; 
S. R. Gardiner, England since James I, Vol. IV, Ch. 
XXXVI. 


Sources. — Mount's Relation (Dexter’s Ed.) ; William 
Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation (for the history 
of the manuscript itself cf. N. C. II., Ill, 286 and 
Winsorin 1 M. H. S. Proc. XIX) ; Young, Chronicles of 
the Pilgrim Fathers ; Morton’s New England's Memorial 
(Davis’s Ed.). 

Bibliography. — Narrative and, Critical History, III, 
283. 


PL YMO UTH. 


f 34 .] 



§ 34. PLYMOUTH, 1620-1629. 

16*20, The voyage of the Mayflower. The compact; 
Composition of the colony. Plymouth settled. 1621, 
Treaty with Massasoit and subsequent relations with the 
Indians. 1621 and 1622, Patents from the Council for 
New England. Relations with the London Merchants, 
with the Dutch, and with the other early colonists in the 
neighborhood. Experience with communism, form of 
government. 


General. — F. B. Dexter, in N. C. II Ill, 269-278 ; 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 47-81 ; Bancroft, United 
States (Author’s Last Revision), I, 206-214; Gay’s 
Bryant's Pop. Hist ., I, 386-428 ; Palfrey, New England, I, 
176-232 ; Fiske, Beginnings of New England ; Barry, 
Massachusetts , I, 72-148 ; Hildreth, United States, I, 160- 
174. 

Special. — Bradford’s Plymouth Plantation, 4 M. H. 
S. C ., III, 68-266 ; Mount's Relation, LI. M. Dexter’s 
ed. ; Davis’s Morton's Memorial ; Young, Chronicles of 
the Pilgrims; F. Bavlies , Historical Memoir of the Colony 
of New Plymouth ; J. Thacher, Plistory of the Toivn of 
Plymouth; Wm. S. Russell, Guide to Plymouth and 
Pilgrim Memorial; J. A. Goodwin, The Pilgrim Republic. 

Sources. — -Bradford’s Plymouth; Mourt's Relation 

(Dexter’s Ed.) ; Plymouth Colony Records. The compact 
is in Mourt and Bradford and also in Charters and Con- 
stitutions, I, p. 931. 

Bibliography. — F. B. Dexter in N. C. II., Ill, 285 

et. seq. 


34 


PLYMOUTH. 


U 35 . 


§ 35. NEW PLYMOUTH COLONY, 1629-1691. 

1629, Patent to Bradford and associates — assigned to 
the freemen of New Plymouth in 1640-41. Relations 
with the merchants. Growth of the colony — meaning of 
the name New Plymouth. 1643, Joins the Confeder-' 
ation of New England. Development of institutions. 
Mode of life, education, and religion in the colony. 
1643-1691, Further history of the colony. 1691, Finally 
united with Massachusetts. Was the union advantageous 
to Plymouth? Population and material resources in 1691. 

General. — F. B. Dexter in N. C. //., Ill, 279-283 ; 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 72-73, 222 ; II, 17, 102, 107, 
114, 143, 188, 189, 246, 271, 290 ; Bancroft, United States 
(Author’s Last Revision), I, 244, 289-295, 606; 

Fiske, Beginnings of New England ; Palfrey, New Eng- 
land , III, 331-344, 539-547, 596-599; Compendious 
Ed., I, 141-147; Hildreth, United. States , I, 174-175. 

Special works, sources, and bibliography, as 

above, with the exception of Bradford which stops at 
1647, and with the addition of Brigham’s Laws of New 
Plymouth Colony. A collection of the laws also forms 
Yol. XII of the Plymouth Colony Records . 


§ 36. THE COUNCIL FOR NEW ENGLAND. 

1606, The Plymouth Company audits colonies. 1620, 
The Grand Council for New England, and its Charter. 
Aims of the new corporation ; Sir Ferdinando Gorges. 
Grants made by the Council, especially those made in 
1622, to Robert Gorges ; 1628 and 1629, to the Plymouth 


* 37 .] 


NEW ENGL ANT). 


Colonists; 1628 to the Massachusetts Company; 16*29, 
to Capt. John Mason (New Hampshire) ; 16*29, to Gorges 
(Maine); 1635, the great division; 1635, surrender of 
the patent to the crown. 

General. — Charles Deane in N. C. II., Ill, 295-310 ; 
Barry, Massachusetts , I, 14-28, 67, 105, 1*23-155, 285-- 
290, 452-460, 510 ; Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 76-78, 
144, 87, 206, 322-3*23; Gay, Bryant's Pop . Hist., I, 267, 
316-338. 

Special. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, Ap. B. ; Sam- 
uel F. Haven, History of Grants under the Council for New 
England in M . IT. S., ‘‘Lowell Lectures,” p. 152; Sir 
Ferdinando Gorges and his Province of Maine in “Prince 
Soc. Publ.” for 1890, 3 vols. (contains, beside a memoir, 
G-orges’s Brief Relation, Brief Narration, etc.). 

Sources. — The Charter are Charters and Constitutions, 

I, 951. 

Bibliography. — Charles Deane in N. C . H., Ill, 340. 


§ 37. EARLY SETTLEMENTS IN MASSACHU- 
SETTS. 

1622, Weston’s attempt at Wessagusset. 1623, 
Robert Gorges’ Colony. Wollaston and Morton at 
Merry Mount. Other settlements — Blaxton, Maverick, 
etc. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 83-112 ; C. F. 
Adams, in Memorial History of Boston, I, 63-86 ; Barry , 
Massachusetts, I, 149-173 ; Palfrey, New England, I, 


36 


MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY . 


[§ 38 . 

199, 222, 232-233, 289-290; Gay, Bryant' s Pop. Hist ., 
, 410-428 ; Rancroft, United States , Original Ed. ; Last 
Revision, I, 215-229; Fiske, New England; Barry, 
Massachusetts i I; Hildreth, United States , 1,176-183. 

Special. — C. F. Adams, Three Episodes of Massachu- 
setts History , I, 1-194, and O/d Planters in 1 Jf. II. $. 
Proc., 1878, 194. See also on this and later history 
S. A. Drake, The Making of New England . 

Bibliography. — N. C. II., Ill, 347. 


§ 38. 


ORIGIN OF 

BAY 


THE MASSACHUSETTS 
COMPANY. 


1622-23, The Dorchester Fishing Company. 1623, 
Settlement at Cape Ann. 1626, First settlement at 
Naunikeacr. 1628, Grant of Massachusetts from the 
Council for New England. 


General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, T, 83-90 ; Pal- 
frey, New England, I, 283-288 ; Fiske, New England; 
George Bancroft, United States (Author’s Last Revi- 
sion), I, 221-224; Barry, Massachusetts, I, 149-173; 
Gay, Bryant's Popular History. 

Special. — Mass. Hist. Soc. u Lowell Lectures,” 231- 
239 ; Memorial History of Boston, I, 87-98 ; Life of 
John Winthrop, Vol. I; Charles F. Adams, Three Epi- 
sodes of Massachusetts History. 


Sources. — Noted in Narrative and Critical History, 

III, 242. 


MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY. 


37 


5 39 .] 


§ 39. THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY, 

1329, The Massachusetts Charter. Powers of the 
Company. The aims and purposes of tire Massachusetts 
Colonists, 1629, The agreement at Cambridge, Settle- 
ment and government of Salem. John Winthrop. 1630, 
The great emigration and the founding of Boston, 

O O O 


General.— Hoyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 90-102 ; Ban- 
croft, United States (Last Revision). I, 224-237; Pal- 
frey, New England I, 288-329 ; Gay, Bryant's Popular 
History , I, 517-533 ; John Fiske, New England ; Barry, 
Massachusetts , I, 174-195. 


Special. — Mem. Hist, of Boston , I, Chapter II; Life 
and Letters of John Winthrop , Yol. II; G. E, Ellis, 
Puritan Age and Ride . 

Sources. — John Winthrop, History of New England . , 
(edited by J. Savage) ; Edward Johnson, Wonder 
• Working Providence of Sion's Savior in New England 
(edited by W. F. Poole) ; N. Morton, New English 
Canaan (edited by C. F. Adams in Prince Soc . Publ. ) ; 
R. Clap, Memoirs (reprinted in Young’s Chronicles of 
Mass . and separately by the Dorchester Society of 
Antiquity) ; Dudley’s letter to the Countess of JAncoln , 
printed in Young’s Chronicles of Massachusetts and in 
Force’s Tracts , Yol. II ; Samuel Maverick, Description 
of New England , in 2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., I, 231. 

m 

Bibliography.— Narrative and Critical History , III, 
348 ; Memorial History of Boston , Yol. I. 


38 


MA SSA OH USE T TS. 


[§ 40 . 


§ 40, EARLY MASSACHUSETTS. 

Form of government established under the charter ; the 
magistrates and their power ; rise of representative gov- 
ernment ; the franchise ; land system ; corporate rights; 
church and state ; church government ; synods ; economic 
conditions; local government, its origin and form ; town- 
meeting and selectmen ; education and social conditions. 

kD 7 


General. — -Doyle, Puritans , I, 10*2-1 1*2 ; Barry, Mas- 
sachusetts ; Palfrey, Compendious History , I, 113-134*, 
*271—300; Bancroft. United States (Last Revision). I, 
237-248; Gay, Bryant's Popular History , I, 538-341 . 


Specia — Eglest on. Land Systems of New England; 
Papers by (\ F. Adams and others on The Genesis oj 
Massachusetts Towns in *2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc ., VI J ; 
Channmg, Town, and County Government ; Howard, Local 
Constitutional History; Hannis Taylor, Development of 
the English Constitution; Bryce, American Common- 
wealth; W. F. Allen , Essays (‘‘The Town and Parish”) ; 
W. B. Weeden, Economic and Social History of New 
England; Buck, Ecclesiastical History; Felt. Ecclesicts- 
tir.al History ; Washburn, Judicial History ; C. F. Adams, 
Th ree Episodes of Massachusetts History , Yol. II. On 
the early Church organization, see Walker, Thomas 
Ho oker ; II. B. Adams, Germ anic Origin of New England 
Towns; Joel Parker, Origin of New England Towns 
in Mass. Hist . Soc. Proc., 1866; P. E. Aldrich, 
Origin of New England Towns in American Antiquarian 
Society Proceedings , 1884 ; A. Johnston, Genesis of Con- 
necticut Towns; Andrews, River Towns of Connecticut. 


MA 88 A CH USE T TS. 




Sources. — Records of the Governor and Company of 
the Massachusetts Bay , edited by N. B. Shurtleff ; six 
volumes; Vol. I, 1628-41 ; IT, 1642-49; III, 1644-57; 
IV, pt. 1, 1650-60; pt- 2, 1661-74 ; V, 1674-86. Body 
of Liberties , 1641 is in W. PI. Whitmore, Bibliographical 
Sketch of the Laics of the Massachusetts Colony and in 3 
Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., VIII, 216 ; Colonial Laws of 1660 
with supplements to 1672 edited by Whitmore (contains 
fac-similes of every page of the original printed edition 
and also the 4 4 Body of Liberties’’ of 1641) ; Colonial Laws 
of 1672 with supplements to 1686 , fac-simile edition issued 
under the supervision of W. H. Whitmore. These four 
publications give a complete view of the legislation under 
the old charter. Records of Boston, Dorchester, Charles- 
town, and Roxbury in Reports of the Boston Record Com- 
missioners (W. II. Whitmore and W. S. Appleton) ; 
Life and Letters of John Wintlirop , II, and documents in 
the Appendix ; Lechford, Plain deeding edited by J. H. 
Trumbull ; John Child, New England's Jonas cast up at 
London , reprinted by Force, Tracts , I Y . 


Bibliography. — The foot-notes to the books noted 
under the heading of 4 4 Special” in this section will give 
the leading sources. 

o 


§41. RHODE ISLAND. 

* 

Roger Williams; causes of his banishment, 1636, 
Providence founded. Williams’s theory of t4 soul liberty .” 
Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomians ; the Synod at 
Cambridge, Henry Vane ; banishment of the Antino- 
mians. Rhode Island settled. 


40 


BHODE ISLAND. 


[} 42 . 


General. — Doyle. Puritans , I. 113-140, 236-246? 
181-190; Palfrey, Compendious History , I, 148-168, 1 95— 
213, 339-351 ; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), 
L 249—256, 260-264; Fiske, Beginnings of New England ; 
G. W. Greene, Short History of Rhode Island; Barry, 
Massachusetts , I, 235-266, 317, 340; Gay, Bryant's Pop. 
Hist., I, 533-537, 541-547, 553-556 ; II, 38-49, 51, 68- 
99. 

Special. — H. M. Dexter, As to Roger Williams; 
Prof. Diman in Nar. Club. Publ. Yol. II ; G. E. Ellis in 
“Lowell Lectures” and Puritan Age and Ride; Arnold, 
Rhode Island ; Chandler, Criminal Trials , Yol. 1 ; 
Hosmer, Sir Harry Vane; C. F. Adams, Three Epi- 
sodes , Yol. I ; Palfrey, New England , 1, 406-510 ; C. F. 
Adams, Massachusetts Historians ; Brooks Adams, Eman- 
cipation of Massachusetts ; Oliver, The Puritan Common- 
tvealth ; T. M. Merriman, Pilgrims , Puritans , and Roger 
Williams. 

Sources. — Winthrop, New England; Hutchinson, 
Massachusetts . Accounts of Anne Hutchinson’s trial are 
in Hutchinson. Yol. II, Appendix, and Chandler, Crim- 
inal Trials. Early Records of the Town of Providence. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
368-384 ; J. R. Bartlett, Bibliography of Rhode Island. 


§ 42. RHODE ISLAND TO 1665. 

Samuel Gorton and his struggle with Massachusetts. 
1643, Incorporation of Providence Plantations. Form 
of first government. 1663, the Rhode Island charter; 
peculiar features of Rhode Island institutions ; the 
“Rhode Island spirit.” 


RHODE ISLAND. 


41 


H3.] 

General. — Doyle, Puritans , I, 267-273, 308-319 ; II, 
1 27-130 ; Greene, Short Hist, of Rhode Island , 18-54; 
Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), I, 296-298, 
362-365 ; Fiske, New England; Hildreth, United States , 

I, 289-291, 301, 305, 322-323, 394-398, 405, 456-457; 
Gay, Bryant's Pop. Hist., II, 99-114; Barry, Massachu- 
setts /♦Palfrey, Compendious History , I, 381-391, II, 48- 
54. 

Special. — Arnold, Rhode Island , I; Brayton, Defence 
of Gorton; Palfrey, New England , II; Greene, History 
of East Greenwich; Staples, Annals of Providence; 
Knowles, Memoir of Roger Williams. On the franchise 
in Rhode Island, see Rider, in 2 Rhode Island Tracts , 
No. 1. 

Sources. — Colonial Records of Rhode Island. The 
4 ‘Incorporation of Providence Plantations” is in Charters 
and Constitutions , II, 1594; the charter of 1663 in ibid., 

II, 1595. For Gorton, see Force, Tracts , IV. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
368-384. 


§ 43. CONNECTICUT. 

The Dutch and Pilgrims on the Connecticut River ; 
Lords Brook, and Say and Sele. 1635, Saybrook 
founded. 1635, Emigration from Massachusetts; 
motives of the emigrants ; early constitutional history. 
1638-39, the Fundamental Orders. 1637, the Pequod 
War. 1662, the Connecticut Charter and form of gov- 
ernment established under it. 


42 


CONNECTICUT. 


[{ 44 . 

General — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 149-178, *223, 
286-287 ; Palfrey, Compendious History , I, 170-193, 233- 
236, 395-398; II, 39-48; Bancroft, United States (Last 
Revision), I, 265-270 ; Hildreth, United States. I, 216, 
229-230, 237-241, 247-252, 286, 371, 456; Gay, 

Pop. Hist ., I, 547-553; II, 1-27, 31-38; Fiske, 
Weio England ; Barry, Massachusetts , I, 204-234. 

Special. — Trumbull, History of Connecticut ; G. L. 
Walker, Thomas Hooker; Barber, Historical Collec 
lions; Caulkins, History of Norwich; Hollister, History 
of Connecticut ; Larned, History of Windham County ; 

- Bowen, Boundary Disputes of Connecticut. 

Sources. — Winthrop, New England; Hutchinson, 
Massachusetts; Massachusetts Colony Records ; Colonial 
Records of New Haven. For the Pequod War, see 
Mason's u IIistory” in 2 M. H. S. Coll ., VIII, 120-153 ; 
and Underhill “Hews from America” in 3 M. H. S. 
Coll ., VI, 1-28. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
368—375. 


§ 44. HEW HAVEH. 

Reasons for settlement; aims of the founders. 1638, 
Hew Haven founded. The “Fundamental Articles”; 
form of government. 1662, Hew Haven included in 
Connecticut. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 190-200; II, 
116-125; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), I, 
271-272 ; Hildreth, United States, I, 260-262, 286, 460; 


§ 45 .] 


NORTHERN SETTLEMENTS . 


43 


Gay, Bryant's Pop . Hist, , II, 27-31 ; Fiske, New LYq/~ 
land ; Palfrev, New England , I, 528-534 ; Compendious 
Hist., I, 225-233, 398-399 ; II, 39, 42. 

Special. — Atwater, History of New Haven Colony; 
Trumbull, Connecticut; Leonard Bacon, Historical Dis- 
courses; New Haven Colony Historical Society Papers. 

Sources. — Colonial Records of Neiv Haven, On the 
•so-called u blue-laws,” see Hinman, Blue Laivs of New 
Haven Colony; New Haven Records , Vol. II; Trum- 
bull’s edition of The True-Blue Laws and False Blue 
Laws Invented by the Rev. Samuel Peters . 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
371. 


§ 45. NORTHERN SETTLEMENTS. 

Grants from the Council for New England. Early 
settlements on the Piscataqua. The founding of Exe- 
ter and Hampton. Settlements in Maine. Relations of 
these various settlements to Massachusetts. 

G-eneral — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 201-219; 
Palfrey, New England , I, 516-527 ; Compendious History , 
I, 214-224; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), 
I, 257-262; Hildreth, United States , I, 200-201, 265, 
271 ; Gay, Bryant's Popular History , II, 419-449 ; 
Fiske, Neiv England. 

Special. — Belknap, New Hampshire ; Williamson, 
Maine; George Folsom, History of Saco and Biddeford ; 
Willis, History of Portland , Memorial Volume of the 
Popliam Celebmtion . 


44 


THE UNITED COLONIES \ 


B 46*. 


Sources. — Provincial Papers of Neiv Hampshire; 
Collections of the New Hampshire Historical Society ;; 
Farmer and Moore, Historical Collections of New Hamp- 
shire ; Documentary History of Maine; the Collections 
of the Historical societies of Maine and Massachusetts 
York Deeds , Vol. T. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , Xlh 
363. 


§ 46. THE NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION. 

Formation of the Union. 1643, The Articles of 
Confederation. Administration of the Confederation. 
Relations with Rhode Island, with the Indians, and 
with the Dutch and French. Dispute between Massa- 
chusetts and Connecticut. Later history to 1684. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , I, 220-319; II, 
155; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), I, 289- 
310; Gay, Bryant's Pop . Hist., II, 49-50, 373-387; 
Hildreth, United States, I, 285-334, 360-412, 448-506. 

Special. — Palfrey, New England, Vols. 1 and II; 
Frothing'h am, Rise of the Republic; C. C. Smith in 
Memorial History of Boston, I, Chapter VII ; J Q. 
Adams in 3 Mass . Hist. Soc. Coll., IX, 187 ; Hubbard’s 
Massachusetts in 2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., V-VI, Chap. 
LIII ; Barry, Massachusetts. 

Sources. — Winthrop, New England; Hutchinson, 
Massachusetts ; The Records of the Commissioners are in 
Plymouth Colony Records , Vols. IX and X, and in Colonial 
Records of Connecticut. The Articles of Confederation 


45 


§47.] THE QUAKERS. 

V 

are in the above and Bradford, New Plymouth Plantation; 
Brigham’s Plymouth Laws; also, with brief extracts 
from Winthrop, Bradford, and the records, in American 
History Leaflets , No. VII. 

Bibliography. — Frothingham, Pise of Republic; 

Narrative and Critical History , III, 354 ; Memorial His- 
tory of Boston , T, 299. 


§ 47. THE QUAKERS. 

A comparison of the ideas of the Puritans and the 
Quakers. 1656, The first Quakers arrive at Boston. 
1656-59, Advice of the Commissioners of the United 
Colonies. Legislation in regard to the Quakers in 
Massachusetts, New Plymouth, Connecticut, Maryland, 
and Virginia. 1659-60, Four Quakers executed in 
Massachusetts. 1661, Laws against them modified. 
Treatment of the Quakers in England. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , II, 98-114; 
Palfrey, New England , II, 461-484; Compendious Hist ., 
II, 1-20; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), I, 
528-551 ; Hildreth, United States , I, 380, 399, 400-408, 
472, 473 ; Cay, Bryant's Popular Hist., II, 165-199. 

Special. — Hallowell, Quaker Invasion of Massachu- 
setts; Joel Parker in Mass. Hist. Soc., Lowell Lectures; 

G. E. Ellis, in Memorial History of Boston , Vol. I; 

* 

Hutchinson, Massachusetts ; C. F. Adams, Three Epi- 
sodes; Brooks Adams, Emancipation of Massachusetts; 
Barry, Massachusetts. 

Sources . — Massachusetts Colony Records; Plymouth 
Colony Records; Laws of Plymouth and Massachusetts; 


46 


NEW ENGLAND. 


N 4S 


Chandler, Criminal Trials; Bishop, New England Judged ; 
Besse, Sufferings of the People called Quakers; Sewel, 
History of the Friends ; John Rous, New England, a 
Degenerate Plant; Janney, History of the Friends ; 
Gough, Quakers ; Mather, Magnolia , Part II, Chap. IY. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
358 ; Memorial History of Boston, I, 187. 


§ 48. KING PHILIP’S WAR. 

Causes of the war. 1675, The war begun. 1676i 
August, Death of Philip. 1675-78, Continuation of the 
conflict against the Eastern Indians. Results of the war 
for Massachusetts and New Plymouth. 

G-eneral. — Doyle, Puritans, II, 153-188 ; Bancroft, 
United States (Last Revision), I, 382-394; Hildreth, 
United States, I, 476-491 ; Gay, Bryant's Popular 
History, II, 401-418. 

Special. — Palfrey, Neiv England, III, Chapters IY 
and Y ; Barry, Massachusetts ; E. E. Hale in Memorial 
History of Boston, I, Chapter IX. 

Sources. — Hubbard, Narrative of the Troubles with 
the Indians ; Drake’s edition of Increase Mather’s Brief 
History ; and Henry M. Dexter’s edition of Church’s 
Entertaining Passages, Yol. I. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
360, and Mr. Winsor’s 6 ‘Note” in Memorial History of 
Boston, I, 367. 


MA SSA VH USET TS. 


47 


§ 49 .] 


§ 49. THE OVERTHROW OF THE MASSA- 

C HUSETTS CHARTER . 

Early attempts to annul the Charter. Relations of the 
Colony to England during the Puritan Rebellion. Re- 
lations with the government of the Restoration. The 
Regicides in New England. 1664, The Royal Com- 
missioners in New England. 1676, Edward Randolph. 
1684, The Charter vacated. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies , II, 190-228; 
Bancroft. United States (Last Revision), 1,395-407; 
Hildreth, United States , I, 489, 502-504; Gay, Bryant's 
Popular History , II, 373-387. 

Special. — Charles Deane in Memorial History of 
Boston , I, Chapter X ; Palfrey, New England , III, 
Chapters III, VII, VIII, IX; Hutchinson, Massa- 
chusetts, I, Chapter II ; Barry, Massachusetts. 

Sources. — Documents in supplementary volume of 
Hutchinson's Massachusetts . 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
362. 


§ 50. THE TYRANNY OF ANDROS. 

1685, Joseph Dudley appointed President. 1686, 
December, Andros Governor-general of the Dominion of 
New England. His powers and policy with regard to 
land titles, the collection of taxes, and local government. 
Andros in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York, 
1689, The “Revolution” in New England. Andros 
deposed. The provisional government and (1691) the 
Province Charter. 


48 


MASS A CHUSE T TS. 


[} 51 - 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, IT, 230-322; 
Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), I, 590-607 ; IF, 
49, 50, 54. 55, 57, 61 ; Gay, Bryant's Popular History , 

II, 387-400; Hildreth, United States , II, 105-122, 142- 
144. 


Special. — Palfrey, New England , IFF, Chapters XII, 
XIIF, and XIV ; William H. Whitmore in Memorial 
History of Boston , II, Chapter I, and ibid., introduction 
to the Andros Tracts ; Barry, Massachusetts. 


Sources. — Hutchinson, Massachusetts, I, Chapter III ; 
The Andros Tracts in Publications of the Prince Society. 
The Province Charter is in Charters and Constitutions, I, 
942-954. 


Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , III, 
362. 


§51. THE WITCHCRAFT DELUSION. 

General Delief in witchcraft throughout tlie world. 
Early cases in New England. 1691-93, The special court, 
trials and executions. 1696, Sewall’s acknowledgment 
of error. 

General. — Doyle, Puritan Colonies, 101, 298-311 ; 
Bancroft, United States (Last Revision), II, 51, 58-66; 
Hildreth, United States, II, 145-167 ; Gay, Bryant's 
Popular History , II, 450-471 ; W. F. Poole, Memorial 
History of Boston, II, Chap. VI ; Lowell, Among My 
Books. 


NE W ENGLAND. 


49 


} 52 .] 

Special. — Upham, Lecture on Salem Witchcraft; J. S. 
Pike, The New Puritan; Hutchinson, Massachusetts , 
TI, 12-66 ; Palfrey, New England ; Ellis, The Puritan 
Age , 556 ; Drake, Annals of Witchcraft ; Barry, Massa- 
chusetts ; Wendell, Cotton Mather ; article on Witchcraft 
in Encyclopaedia Britannica . 

Sources. — Records of the Salem Witchcraft ; Chan- 
dler, Criminal Trials , I, 67 ; Upliam, Scdem Witchcraft ; 
Calef, More Wonders of the Invisible World; SewalPs 
Diary. 

Bibliography. — Memorial History of Boston , notes 
to Mr. Poole’s Chapter in Vol. II. 


§ 52. PROVINCIAL NEW ENGLAND. 

1700-1760, Struggle with the royal governors in 
Massachusetts. Financial schemes — paper money and 
the hand banks. Influence of the royal officials on social 
and political life. 

General. — Gay, Bryant's Popular History , III, 109- 
139, 192-221 ; Bancroft, United States (Last Revision) , 

II, 67-69, 245-253, 262, 334, 337, 341, 348, 353, 401- 
405, 412; Hildreth, United States, II, 249-250, 293-302, 
345, 348, 350-354, 379-381 ; Lodge, English Colonies , 
363-372, 381-384, 393-396, 401-405 ; Winsor in Narra- 
tive and Critical History , V, 99-144. 

Special. — Hutchinson, Massachusetts, II, 121-448 ; III, 
1-82 ; Palfrey, New England , II ; Compendious History , 

III, 152-469 ; IV, 1-284 ; Brooks Adams, Emancipation 
of Massachusetts ; Baird, Huguenot Emigration ; Lowell, 
Among my Boohs (article on New England Two Cen- 


50 


FRENCH AND INDIAN WARN 


[{ 53 . 

turies Ago) ; Weeden, Economic and Socicd History ; 
Wendell, Cotton Mather ; Anderson, Colonial Church', 
Barry, Massachusetts , Yol. II ; Haliburton, Rule and 
Misrule of the English in America. Paper money and 
banking: Winsor in Narrative and Critical History, V, 
170, where the sources are enumerated; Felt, Massa- 
chusetts currency. Rhode Island : Potter and Rider, 
Paper Money of Rhode Island ( Rhode Island Tracts , 
No. 8). 

Sources are enumerated in Narrative and Critical 
History , Y. 


§ 53. CONFLICT WITH FRANCE ON THE SEA- 
BOARD. 


Employment of Indians by the French. 1690, Seizure 
of Port Royal by the English, restored to France 1697. 
1710, Port Royal again captured. Annapolis founded. 
1713, Acadia ceded to England by Treaty of Utrecht. 
1745, Lonisburg captured by the New Englanders, re- 
stored to France, 1748. Relations of the Acadian s to 
the English. 1755, the Acadians removed. 1758, 
Lonisburg taken. England supreme on the seaboard. 

G-eneral. — C. C. Smith in Narrative and Critical 
History , Y, 407-408; Hildreth, United States, II, 182, 
193, 258-262, 265, 276, 317, 330-332, 394-400; Gay, 
Bryant? s Popular History , II, 314, 322, 327; III, 45, 
125, 192-221 ; Lodge, English Colonies , 8, 118, 119, 
234, 235, 303, 306, 361, 363, 364, 368, 394, 404; Ban- 
croft, United States (Last Revision) , II, 175-185, 305- 
311, 425-434. 


LOUISBURG AND QUEBEC. 


51 


§ 54 .] 


Special. — Parkman, Frontenac and New France , 
208-285 ;ind 335-387 : Parkman, A Half Century of 
Conflict; Parkman, Montcalm arid Wolfe; McMullen, 
The History of Canada , Vol. I ; Han nay, Acadia ; 
Drake, History of the Five Years' French and Indian 
War (1744-49). On the capture of Louisburg (1745), 
see Parkman, Half Century , II, 78-161. On the re- 
moval of the Acadians (1755), see Winsor in Narrative 
and Critical History , V. 452 ; Parkman, Montcalm and 
Wolfe , I, 234 ; Hannay, Acadia , 383 ; P. H. Smith, 
Acadia , a Lost Chapter. 

Sources. — Louisburg, 1741 : James Gibson, A Jour- 
nal of the Siege (reprinted in Johnson’s Life of Gibson ) ; 
An Accurate Journal (attested by Pepperrell). Louis- 
burg, 1758 : A Journal extracted from Amherst's and Bos- 
camens Letters to Pitt; see also Ninth Report of Royal 
Commission on Historical Manuscripts. 

• 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History. 
Notes by the editor, to Mr. Smith’s Chapter, Vol. Y, 
p. 420 and following. 


§ 54. STRUGGLE FOR THE POSSESSION OF 
THE GREAT VALLEYS. 

Claims of France and England to the interior. 1749- 
"’■* OTi ce seizes the upper Ohio Valley. 1754, Wash- 
surrender at Fort Necessity. 1754, Congress at 
1755, Braddock’s defeat, other disasters. 1756, 
dared (the ‘‘Seven Years’ War” in Europe). 
, French successes. 1757, William Pitt, Prime 


52 


Q UEBEC. 


[{ 54 . 


Minister. 1758, Capture of Forts Du Quesne, Frontenac, 
and of Louisburg. 1759, Capture of Ticonderoga, Xi- 
agara, and Quebec. 1760, Conquest of Canada completed. 
1763, Peace of Paris. 


General. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical History , 
V, 490-559 ; Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac , Chapter 
V ; Lodge, English Colonies , 30-35, *209, 222, 307, 370, 
493, 496, 506, 518 ; Bancroft, United States (Last Re- 
vision), II, 343,361-366, 367-388, 419-425, 435-443, 
450-565 ; Hildreth, United States , II, 433-496 ; Gay, 
Bryant's Popular History, II, 499-526. 


Special. — Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe , Chapters 
V-VII, and IX; Lodge’s Washington ; Hinsdale, Old 
Northwest ; Hibberd, Wisconsin ; Dunn, Indiana. 

Sources. — Washington’s Journal; Pouchot, Memoir 
Upon the Late War , 1755-60 (edited by Hough) ; Win- 
throp Sargeant’s edition of The History of an Expedition 
against Fort Du Quesne in 1755. Albany Plan of Union : 
Stephen Hopkins, True Representation (reprinted in 
Rhode Island Tracts , Xo. 9). 

Bibliography. — Winsor, in Narrative and Critical 
History , V, 560-611. For early plans of union see ibid., 
V. 


53 


§ 55 .] COLONIES IN 1760. 

§ 55. THE COLONIES IN 17G0. 

The causes of the Revolution : social, political, con- 
stitutional, economic, religious. Population of the 
colonies. Material resources. Foreign trade. Mann- 
factures. Rise of the legal profession. Growth of 
political parties. 

General. — Higginson, Larger History , Chapter IX ; 
E. Eggleston, papers in the Century Magazine. 

Special. — Lodge, English Colonies . Chapters II, IV, 
VI, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVII, XXII; Winsor in 
Narrative and Critical History , V; Parton, Intro- 
ductory portions of his lives of Franklin and Jefferson; 
C. F. Adams, Three Episodes , II, Chapters V— XIV ; 
Frothingham, Rise of the Republic , Chapters I— IV. 

For English views of the relations of the colonies to 
England, see: Seeley, Expansion of England; W. E. II. 
Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Century , Chapter XII ; 
Lord Mahon, History of England , Chapter XLIII ; and 
the histories of England by Massey (Whig), Adolphus 
(Tory), Bright, and S. R. Gardiner. See also T. E. 
May (Lord Farnborough) , Constitutional History, Chap- 
ter XVII; Sir G. C. Lewis, Government of Dependencies , 
Chapters V and VI ; Merivale, Colonization. 

Sources.* — Population: F. B. Dexter, Estimates of 
Population (. American Antiquarian Society, Proceedings, 
1887). For other estimates, follow Dexter’s foot-notes 
and the following references : Lodge, English Colonies , 
pp. 44, 113, 148, 172, 197, 227, 273, 312, 408. 

* Under this head are necessarily enumerated many books which are not 
sources in the strict sense of the word, but which the student is obliged 
to use in the absence of better material. 


54 


COLONIES IN 1760. 


[$ 


The Colonies in General : Burke, European Settlement s 
in America (in his Works and also separately) ; Huske, 
The Present State of North America; William Douglass, 
Summary of the British Settlements; Warden, Statistical , 
Political and Historical Account ; Pownall, A Memorial 
to the Sovereigns of Europe on the Present State of Affairs 
between the Old and the New World; M. C. Tyler, History 
of American Literature ; Thomas, History of Printing; 
McCulloch, A Dictionary , Geographical , Statistical, etc. ; 
Adam Anderson, An Historical and Statistical Deduction 
of the Origin of Commerce; MacPherson, Annals of 
Commerce; Beer, The Commercial Policy of England 
toward the American Colonies ; Bernard, Letters on the 
Trade and Government of America; Bishop, History of 
American Manufactures; Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations ; 
Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce in 
Modern Times ; Gee, Trade and Navigation of Great 
Britain; Channing, The Navigation Laws ( American 
Antiquarian Society , Proceedings , 1889). 

On topics dealing with ecclesiastical matters see : 
Anderson, Colonial Church; Perry, Protestant Episcopal 
Church; Briggs, American Presbyterianism; Backus, 
History of the Baptists ; Baird, Huguenot Emigration to 
America. 

For the daily life of the people see: Maury, Huguenot 
Family in Virginia; Franklin’s “Autobiography” in any 
edition of Franklin’s Works; John Adams’s “Diary” in 
J. Adams’s Works; El kanah Watson, Memoirs; Burnaby, 
Travels through the Middle Colonies (1759-60) ; Kalin, 
Travels in North America; Rochefoucauld, Maxims 
and Moral Reflections ; Robin, New Travels through North 
America (1781); Chastellux, Travels; Brissot, New 
Travels in the United States of America (1788) ; Smyth, 
A Tour in the United States (1784) ; Claude Blanchard, 
Journal. 


§ 55 .] 


COLONIES TN 1760. 


55 


For the separate colonies see the following works : — 

New England : Hildreth, United States , IT, 559 ; 
Weeden, Economic History , Chapters XII-XVII ; Felt, 
Customs of Neiv England ; Drake, Nooks and Corners of 
the New England Coast. 

New Hampshire : Provincial Papers of New Hamp- 
shire ; Belknap, History of Neiv Hampshire ; Sanborn, 
History of Neiv Hampshire ; Bouton, Rambles about Con- 
cord ; Brewster, Rambles about Portsmouth . 

Vermont: State and Provincial Papers of Vermont; 
Williams, History of Vermont ; Vermont Historical So- 
ciety, Collections. 

M assachusetts : Acts and Resolves of the Province 
of Massachusetts Bay ; Barry, Massachusetts , II ; Wash- 
burn, Judicial History of Massachusetts ; Medicine in 
Massachusetts in 2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., I; Mass. 
Hist. Soc. Proc Index volume (the contents of the 
Collections may be learned from the indices in the tenth 
volume of each series) ; Nason, Life of Frankland ; 
ITpham, Salem Witchcraft , Introduction ; Memorial His- 
tory of Boston; S. A. Drake, Old Landmarks of Boston. 
The social conditions can be further studied in the town 
records, especially in the following : Weston Town 

Records , 1746-1803 ; Boston Record Commissioners’ 
Reports , Nos. 14, 16, 17, and 19 contain the Boston 
Town Records and the Selectmen 9 s Minutes 1742 to 1763. 

^ Rhode Island: Laws of Rhode Island ; Rhode Island 
Colonial Records ; Histor iced Society Proceedings ; Arnold, 
History of Rhode Island ; Staples, Annals of Providence ; 


COLONIES IN 1160 . 


[} 55 . 


56 

Newport Historical Magazine ; G. W. Greene, History of 
East Greenwich; Westerly and its Witnesses ; W. E. 
Foster, Life of Stephen Hopkins. 

Connecticut: Hinman, Antiquities of Connecticut; 

Hollister, Eli story of Connecticut ; Barber, Historical Col- 
lections of Connecticut ; History of New London; Caul- 
kins, History of Norwich; New Haven Historical Collec- 
tions ; Connecticut Historical Society , Collections. 

New York: Acts of the Assembly of New York ; Col- 
lections of tire Neiv York Historical Society; Smith, 
History of Neiu York; Jones, History of New York 
during the Revolution ; Documents relating to the History 
of New York; Wood, Long Island; Historical Collec- 
tions of Long Island; Furman, Antiquities of Long 
Island; Furman, History of Brooklyn; Thompson, His- 
tory of Long Island; Mandeville, History of Flushing ; 
Valentine, History of New York [ City~\ ; Memorial His- 
tory of New York [_City~] ; Denton, Account of New York 
L '.City'] ; Munsell, Annals of Albany. 

New Jersey; Learning and Spicer, Laivs of Neiv 
Jersey ; New Jersey Archives; Barber, Historical Collec- 
tions of New Jersey ; Gabriel Thomas, History of West 
New Jersey ; Elmer, Constitutional Government of New 
Jersey; Murray, Notes on Elizabeth'. Hatfield, History of 
Elizabeth; G. Thomas, History of Salem , West Neiv 
Jersey ; Wickes, History of Medicine in Neiv Jersey. 

Pennsylvania : The Charters and Acts of the Province 
of Pennsylvania ; Votes of Pennsylvania; Hazard, Penn- 
sylvania Archives and Colonial Records; Pennsylvania 
Historical Collections; Pennsylvania Magazine of History 


COLONIES IN 1160. 


57 


§ 55 .] 


and Biography ; Penn and Logan Correspondence ; Proud, 
History of Pennsylvania; Egle, Pennsylvania ; Scharf, 
History of Philadelphia ; Watson, Annals of Philadelphia ; 
Smith, History of Delaware County ; Life and Works of 
Benjamin Franklin ( ) ; 

Michaux, Travels; History of the University of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Maryland: Bacon, Laws of Maryland ; Maryland 

Historical Society, Proceedings and Fiend Publications ; 
Histories of Maryland by Scharf (Vol. II), McMahon, 
McSherry, and Brown ; Neill, Terra Marine; Johnston, 
History of Cecil County ; Jacob, Life of Cresap; Griffiths, 
Annals of Baltimore; Iiidgely, Annals of Annapolis ; 
Eddis, Letters from America. 


Virginia: Ilening, Laws of Virginia; Campbell, 
History of Virginia; Beverly, Virginia; Burk, Virginia , 
Vol. Ill ; Jefferson, Notes on Virginia; Meade, Old 
Churches and Families of Virginia; Foote, Sketches of 
Virginia; Semple, History of the Baptists; Kercheval, 
History of the Valley of Virginia; Peyton, History of 
Augusta County; Maury, Huguenot Family; Hartwell, 
Blair, and Chilton, Present State of Virginia; Jones, 
Present State of Virginia ; Dinwiddie’s papers in Virginia 
Historical Society Collections , New Series, Vols. II and 
III ; E. Ingle, Loccd Institutions of Virginia ; and Chan- 
ning, Town and County Government. See also biographies 
and writings of Washington, Jefferson, Henry, Mason, 
and Madison. 


North Carolina : Archives of North Carolina edited 
by Saunders ; Iredell, Laws of North Carolina ; Martin, 
History of North Carolina ; Williamson, History of North 


58 


PASSIVE RESISTANCE. 


tt 56. 


Carolina ; Wheeler, Historical Sketches of North Carolina; 
Lawson, Descriptions of North Carolina; Bernheim, 
German Settlements in North and South Carolina. 


South Carolina : Grimke, Laics of South Carolina; 
Cooper, Laws of South Carolina (contains the statutes at 
large arranged topically) ; Ramsay, History of South 
Carolina; Logan, History of the Upper Country of South 
Carolina ; Mills, Statistics of South Carolina; Glen (gov- 
ernor of the colony), Answers to the Lords of Trade is in 
I)e Bralmi, Documents [relating to] South Carolina; Glen, 
Description of South Carolina is in Carroll’s Historical 
Collections , II (which also contain contemporary accounts 
by Furry, Milligan, Archdale, etc.). See also The 
Charleston Year-Books . 


Georgia: Historical Society Collections: the histories 
of the colony by C. C. Jones, McCall, and Stevens ; 
White, Statistics of the State of Georgia; White, Histori- 
cal Collections of Georgia; Lee, History of Savannah ; 
Strobel, The Salzburgers ; Miller, Bar and Bench; Moore, 
Voyage to Georgia. 


Bibliography. — Winsor, Narrative and Critical 
History , Vol. V (the Index, under the names of the 
several colonies, will give the portions of the volume 
devoted to bibliography) ; Lodge, English Colonies (foot- 
notes to the chapters cited at the head of this section) ; 
Perkins, Check-list of American local history. 


§ 56. PASSIVE RESISTANCE. 


1 761, Writs of Assistance. 1763, The Parson’s Cause. 
1763. Pontiac’s Conspiracy. 1764, Revision of the Trade 
Laws. 1765, Stamp Act passed. Was it constitutional ? 


PASSIVE RESISTANCE. 


59 


§ 56 .] 

Reception in the colonies. The Stamp Act Congress, its 
importance as a precedent. Condition of political parties 
in England. The first Rockingham Ministry. 1766, 
The Act repealed. The Declaratory Act. 

General. — Frothingham, Rise of the Republic , Chap- 
ter V ; Lecky, England , Chapter XII ; Mellen Chamber- 
lain in Narrative and Critical History , VI, 1-34; George 
Bancroft, United States (Last Revision) ; Hildreth, 
United States ; Gay, Bryant's Popular History. 

Special. — On the Section as a Whole: Mahon, 
England , Chapters XLIII-XLY (omitting portions re- 
lating to America in general and to English politics); 
Ramsay, History of the American Revolution ; Grahame, 
History of the United, States , IV ; Gordon, History of the 
American Revol u tion . 

Writs of Assistance : Horace Gray in Appendix 
I (especially p. 540) to Quincy’s Reports of Massa- 
chusetts Bay , 1761-1772, and ibid. , p. 51 ; Weeden, 
Economic and Social History of Neiv England , II, Chap- 
ter XVIII ; Tudor, Life of James Otis ; Minot, History 
of Massachusetts, II; Hutchinson, History of Massachu- 
setts , III ; Barry, Massachusetts, III. 

The Parson’s Cause : Lives of Patrick Henry, by 
William Wirt, M. C. Tyler, and W. W. Henry, espe- 
cially the latter work, Vol. I ; Campbell, Virginia, 507 ; 
Hening, Laics of Virginia; Burk, History of Virginia; 
Maury, Huguenot Family. 

9 

The Stamp Act: Mahon, England, Chapters XLIII 
and XLV; Massey’s and Adolphus’s Histories of Eng- 
land; The Rockingham Papers; The Grenville Papers, 


60 


PASSIVE RESISTANCE. 


[§ 56 . 

Vol. II; Chatham Correspondence ; Bedford Correspond- 
ence; Aim on’s Papers; Walpole, Letters; Works of 
Edmund Burke ; Campbell, Lives of the Lord Chancellors 
and Lives of the Lord Chief Justices (Camden and 
Mansfield) ; Parliamentary History ; Rogers, Protests of 
the Lords; Fitzmanrice, IAfe of Shelburne ; AYells, Life 
of Samuel Adams ; Hosmer, S. Adams; and lives of 
Otis, John Adams, and Ilenry, especially AY. AY. Henry, 
Patrick Henry , A x ol I; Hutchinson, Massachusetts , III; 
P. O. Hutchinson, Governor Hutchinson , I. Franklin’s 
examination is in his Works. For the Stamp Act Con- 
gress see Account of the Proceedings of the Congress held 
in New York in 1765 — in Niles, Principles and Acts , 
and elsewhere. 

Sources. — S tatements of the American Theory : 
James Otis’s speech on Writs of Assistance in Quincy ; 
Reports , as above ; Tudor, Life of Otis ; Minot, History 
of Massachusetts ; and see also S. A. Green in Massa 
cliusetts Historical Society , Proceedings , Dec. 11, 1890; 
James Otis, Vindication of the Massachusetts House of 
Representatives ; James Otis, The Rights of the British 
Colonies Asserted and Proved, , 1764; Stephen Hopkins, 
The Rights of Colonies Examined , 1765 ; Richard Bland, 
Enquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies , 1769 ; S. 
Adams, or Otis, or both, Vindication of the Town of 
Boston , 1769; John Dickinson, Jitters of a Farmer in 
Pennsylvania , 1767-68 ; The Instructions of the Town of 
Boston , adopted May , 1764 (usually ascribed to S. 
Adams) ; Patrick Henry, Virginia Resolutions against 
the Stamp Act 1765, in Henry’s Henry and innumer- 
able other places ; Resolves of the Stamp Act Congress , 
October, 1769: Resolves of the Massachusetts House of 
Representatives , Oct. 1 765; Virginia Resolves , 1769; 


§ 57 .] 


A 0 T1 VE BESTS TA NCE. 


61 


Jefferson, Summary View , 1774, reprinted as u American 
History Leaflet,” No. 11; A 1 den Bradford, Massachusetts 
State Papers . 

* 

These writers frequently refer to the earlier English 
writers on the theory of government, especially to John 
Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government , Book II ; 
Richard Hooker, The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity , Books 
I and VI ; Algernon Sidney, Discourses on Government ; 
James Harrington, The Commonwealth of Oceana ; Black- 
stone, Commentaries ; Coke, Institutes. See also Hobbes, 
Leviathan ; Machiavelli. Discourses on the First Decade of 
Livy ; Filmer, Patriarchal The Works of King James ; 
and the Agreement of the People , Instrument of Govern- 
ment and Petition and Advice in S. R. Gardiner, 
Documents of the Puritan Revolution ; Montesquieu, 
Esprit cles Lois (numerous translations under the title of 
Spirit of Laws) . 

The Stamp Act (5 George III, Chapter XII) is in 
many places, among others in Lossing, Field-Book of the 
Revolution , I, 672. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , VI, 
Chapter I, foot-notes and u Editorial Notes” by Mr. 
Winsor. See also Winsor, Handbook of the American 
Revolution. 

§ 57. ACTIVE RESISTANCE, 1767-1774. 

1767, The Chatham-Grafton Ministry. The Town- 
sliend Acts: (1) Laying duties on certain imported 

commodities; (2) re-organizing the Colonial Customs 
Service; (3) providing for the quartering of troops; 
(4) instituting Courts of Admiralty. 1768, Seizure of 
the Sloop Liberty. 1 769, Virginia Resolves. 1770, 


ACTIVE RESISTANCE. 


[§ 57 . 



“Boston Massacre.” 1771, Partial repeal of the act 
levying customs duties. 1772, Burning of the Gaspee. 
The Commission of Inquiry. 1773, Virginia Resolves. 
1773, Destruction of the tea at Boston. 1774, Four 
Acts of Parliament: (1) Boston Port Act; (2) Massa- 
chusetts Government Act; (3) Impartial Administra- 
tion of Justice Act; (4) Quebec Act. 1774, The First 
Continental Congress. The American Association. 


General. — Lecky, England , Chapter XII; Mellen 
Chamberlain in Narrative and Critical History , VI, 
Chapter I; Gay, Bryant's Popular History ; Lodge, Eng- 
lish Colonies , Chapter XXIII ; George Bancroft, United 
States ; Hildreth, United States. 


Special.- - Frothingham, Rise of the Republic , Chap- 
ters VI— VIII ; Mahon. England , Chapters XLYI-L 
(omitting portions dealing with English politics) ; 
Massey, England; Adolphus, England; Barry, Massa- 
chusetts ; Hutchinson, Massachusetts. 

The history of this time must be studied in the "biog- 
raphies of the Leading men : — 

John Adams. Life and Works (10 vols.), edited bv 
C. F. Adams (the Life by the editor forms Vol. I, the 
Diary and Autobiography are in Vols. II and III) ; 
Life by J. T. Morse, Jr., in American Statesmen 
Series. See also Familiar Letters of John Adams and his 
Wife during the Revolution and Letters of Mrs. Adams, 
both edited by C. F. Adams. 

Samuel Adams, Life and Works (3 vols.), edited by 
William V. Wells ; Life bv J. K. Hosmer in American 
Statesmen Series. 

John Dickinson. Life and Letters (2 vols.), by Stille. 

Benjamin Franklin, Works (10 vols.), edited by Jared 
Sparks; Writings (10 vols.), edited by John Bigelow; 


§ 57 .] 


ACTIVE RESISTANCE. 


63 


Life and Writings (4 vols. arranged topically), edited 
by W. T. Franklin ; Life of Benjamin Franklin written 
by himself (2 vols.), edited by John Bigelow. Biographies 
by J. B. McMaster in American Men of Letters Series 
and bv J. T. Morse, Jr., in American Statesmen Series. 

Alexander Hamilton, Works (9 vols.), edited by IT. C. 
Lodge; biographies byj. T. Morse, Jr. (2 vols.) and by 
II. C. Lodge in American Statesmen Series. 

Patrick Henry, Life and Speeches (3 vols.), by W. W. 
Henry. See also biographies by William Wirt and 
M. C. Tyler, the latter in American Statesmen Series . 

Stephen Hopkins, Life by W. E. Foster forming No. 
19 of Rhode Island Historical Tracts. 

John Jay, biographies by William Jay and George 
Pellew, the latter in American Statesmen Series. 

Thomas Jefferson, Writings (10 vols.), ‘‘Congress 
Edition”; new edition edited by Ford, Vols. I— III, 
cover the Revolutionary period ; biographies by Randall 
(3 vols.), Tucker (2 vols.), Parton, and J. T. Morse, 
the last in American Statesmen Series. 

R. H. Lee, Life by R. H. Lee. 

George Mason, Life (2 vols.), by K. M. Rowland 

James Otis, Life by Tudor. 

Timothy Pickering, Life (3 vols.), by O. Pickering 
and C. W. LTpham. 

Josiah Quincy, Jr., Life , by J. Quincy. 

George Washington, Writings (12 vols.), edited by 
Jared Sparks; also a recent edition (12 vols.),by r W. C. 
Ford ; Correspondence of the Revolution being Letters to 
Washington (4 vols.), edited by Sparks. Biographies 
by John Marshall (4 vols.), Irving (3 vols.), Sparks 
(forming the first volume of his edition of the Writ- 
ings) , and Lodge ( American Statesmen Series, 2 vols.). 

Biographies of less prominent men may be found in 
Sparks, American Biography ; Sanderson, Signers of the 


64 


ACTIVE BESTS TAN CE. 


[§ oT. 

Declaration of Independence ; etc. For critical estimates 
of some of the leading men, see Theodore Parker, 
Historic Americans . Mason L. Weems’s biographies of 
Washington, Franklin, are valuable as showing the origin 
of many of the stories connected with these men. 

Sources. — T he Townshend Acts, 1767 : Frothing- 
ham, Rise of the Republic , *204; the leading histories of 
England, as above ; Parliamentary History , XYI ; the 
acts, technically known as 7 Geo. Ill Ch., 41, 46, etc., 
are in Statutes at Large , Yol. YIII ; Scots' Magazine , 
Yol. XXX; Gentlemen's Magazine , Yol. XXXYII1 ; 
Annual Register; Grenville Papers; Chatham Corres- 
pondence, Fitzmaurice, Life of Shelburne; Albemarle, 
Life of Rockingham ; Russell, Life of C. J. Fox; Edmund 
Burke, Works; Aim on, Prior Documents ; Alden Brad- 
ford, Massachusetts State Papers ; Boston Town Records ; 
biographies of Otis, the Adamses, etc. ; Griffiths, His- 
torical Notes in Massachusetts Historical Society , Collec- 
tions , 5 series, Vol. IX. For a notice of Townshend, 
see Encyclopaedia Britannica , Yol. XXIII. 

Seizure of the Sloop Liberty, 1768: John Adams, 
Works, III; Hutchinson, Massachusetts , III, and the 
works mentioned under “Special.” 

“The Boston Massacre,” 1770: Frothingham, Life 
of Warren 'and Rise of the Republic; John Adams, 
Works ; Kidder, The Boston Massacre ; Chandler, Ameri- 
can State Trials; Memorial History of Boston. The 
contemporary account, from the American standpoint, is 
entitled : Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in 
Boston. See also the standard works, as above. 

Yirginia Resolves, 1769: Frothingham, Republic , 
233 ; W. W. Henry, Life of Patrick Henry , I ; the 


ACTIVE RESISTANCE. 


65 



biographies and writings of the Virginia statesmen and the 
standard histories of Virginia. The Resolves are in 
Frothingham, Republic, 236, note. 

The Gaspee, 1772 : Staples, Documentary History of 
the Destruction of the Gaspee; Bartlett, History of the 
Destruction , etc. (most of the material found in this 
volume is also in Rhode Island Colonial Records, VII ; 
Rhode Island Historical Society, Proceedings . 1890—9 1 ; 
Arnold, Rhode Island, II ; Parton, Life of Jefferson ; 
Tossing, Field-Book of the Revolution, II. 

Virginia Resolves, 1773 : Frothingham, Republic, 
279 ; Staples, History of the Destruction of the Gaspee ; 
Greene, Life of Nathanael Greene, I ; Hutchinson, 
Massachusetts , III ; Wells, Life of S. Adams. Lives of 
Jefferson by Parton, Randall, and see also either of the 
editions of the Works of Jefferson. The Resolves are in 
Frothingham, Republic, 280. 

The Tea Act, 1773: Frothingham, Republic, 296; 
Frothingham, Life of Warren; Massachusetts Historical 
Society . Proceedings, 1864-65 ; and Collections, 4th Series, 
Vol. Ill; Works of Franklin; Life of Arthur Lee; 
Parliamentary History ; Donne, Correspondence of 
George , III ; Annual Register ; the standard histories. 

The Acts of 1774: Frothingham, Republic, 344; 
Mahon’s and Leeky’s Histories; Parliamentary History ; 
Protests of the Lords ; Donne, Correspondence of George 
III ; Russell, Life of C. J. Fox. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History, VI. 
Foot-notes to Chapter I and Mr. Winsor’s “Editorial 
Notes” to that Chapter. See also Winsor, Handbook of 
the American Revolution. 


66 


REVOLUTION PRECIPITATED. 


[§ 58 . 


§ 58. REVOLUTION PRECIPITATED. 

1772-73, Committees of Correspondence. 1773, “The 
Hutchinson Letters.” 1774-75, Affairs in Massachu- 
setts. 1775, April 19th, Lexington and Concord. 1775, 
May, Capture of Ticonderoga. 1775, June 17, Bunker 
Hill. 1775, June, Congress assumes control of the 
army before Boston and appoints Wasnington Com- 
mander-in-chief. April, 1775-March, 1776, Siege of 
Boston. 1775-76, Invasion of Canada. 1776, Clin- 
ton’s Attack on Charleston, S. C. 

General. — Higginson, Larger History , Chapter X ; 
Winsor in Narrative and Critical History , VI, Chapter 
II ; Lecky, England , Chapter XII ; Lodge, English 
Colonies ; Gay, Bryant's Popular History. 

Special. — George Bancroft, United States (original 
edition), Vols. VII and VIII; Frothingham, Rise of 
the Republic , Chapters IX and X ; Mahon, England , 
Chapters LI-LIII ; and the other standard works men- 
tioned under § 57, especially those of Grahame, Gordon, 
and Ramsay ; Moore, Diary of the American Revolution; 
Jones, New York in the Revolutionary War (gives the 
views of an American Loyalist — with valuable notes by 
the editor, Mr. E. E. DeLancey) ; Niles, Principles and 
Acts (contains a mass of information). 

Military Histories covering the whole field : Less- 
ing, Field-Book of the Resolution (2 vols., arranged topi- 
cally with slight regard to sequence of events) ; Dawson, 
Battles of the United States (2 vols., gives many impor- 
tant documents) ; Carrington, Battles of the American 


$ 58 .] 


REVOLUTION PRECIPITATED. 


67 


Revolution (1 vol., a good compendious account from 
a military point of view) ; Beatson, Naval and Military 
Memoirs of Great Britain; Stedman, History of tlie 
American War . 

Sources. — The Hutchinson Letters : Copy of Letters 
sent to Great Britain by Thomas Hutchinson , etc., 
reprinted in Franklin before the Privy Council . Frank- 
lin’s statement of the matter is in his Works (Sparks’s 
edition, Yol. IY). See also P. O. Hutchinson, Life 
and Letters of Thomas Hutchinson , biographies of 
Franklin, and the standard histories (§ 57), both 
American and English. 

Lexington and Concord, 1775 : The official account 
compiled for the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts 
is in Journals of the Provincial Congresses , p. 661 and 
foil. See also Force, American Archives , II, where 
several English accounts are also given ; Frothingham, 
Siege of Boston; Hudson, History of Lexington; 
Phinney, Battle of Lexington ; Shattuck, History of 
Concord. S. A. Drake, Historic Fields of Middlesex is 
useful in the identification of localities. 

Siege of Boston, 1775-76 : Frothingham, Siege of 
Boston and Life of Joseph Warren ; Centennial Celebra- 
tion printed by City of Boston ; Memorial History of 
Boston ; Barry, Massachusetts, III ; Paige, History of 
Cambridge ; Drake, History of Roxbury ; Washington’s 
Writings ; biographies of Washington, Nathanael Greene, 
William Heath, John Warren, George Read, Joseph 
Reed, John Knox ; Thacher, Military Journal ; Force, 
American Archives , Y and YI. 


RE V OL U TJON P RE Cl PI TA TED. 



[§ 58 . 


Bunker Hill, 1775 : Frothingham, Siege of Boston , 
Life of Warren , Battle-Field of Bunker Hill ; Historical 
Magazine , edited by H. B. Dawson, June, 1868; 
Tliacher, Military Journal; Barry, Massachusetts; 
Stark, Memoir of General Stark; Daniel Putnam, 
Account of the Battle of Bunker Hill . . . luith a Letter 
to Maj. Gen. Dearborn repelling his unprovoked attack 
on . . . Israel Putnam; Humphreys, Life of Putnam; 
G. E. Ellis, Sketches of Bunker Hill Battle; Force, 
American Archives , IV ; Fonblanque, Life of Burgoyne ; 
the standard histories, especially Gordon and Mahon, 
and the military histories, especially Dawson, Battles of 
the United States. 

Ticonderoga, 1775: Barry, Massachusetts : Holland, 
Western Massachusetts; Smith, History of Pittsfield; 
Jones, New York in the Revolutionary War ; Lossing, 
Life of Schuyler; Hollister, History of Connecticut; 
Connecticut Historical Collections , Yol. I; Dawson, 
Battles of the United States; Ethan Allen, Narrative, etc. ; 
Arnold, Life of B. Arnold. 

Invasion of Canada, 1775-76 : Armstrong, IAfe of 
Montgomery (in Sparks, American Biography) ; Arnold, 
Life of Benedict Arnold ; Graham, Life of Daniel Morgan ; 
Sparks, Cor res. of Revolution (for Arnold’s letters to 
Washington) ; Parton, Life of Aaron Burr ; J. J. 
Henry, Accurate Account , etc. ; Meigs’s Journal in Massa- 
chusetts Historical Society , Collections , 2nd Series, Vol. 
II; Wild’s Journal in Ibid., Proceedings, April 1886 
(edited with bibliographical notes by J. Winsor). See 
also the standard works, as above, especially Ramsay, 
Lossing, and Dawson ; Lossing, Life of Schuyler ; Hol- 
lister, Connecticut ; Force, American Archives, III. 


§ - r >0.J DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 


69 


/ 


Attack on Charleston, 1776: Sparks, Correspon- 
dence of the Revolution ; Moultrie, Memoirs; Ramsay, 
Revolution of South Carolina ; Gibbes, Documentary 
History ; Drayton, Memoirs; Clinton, Observations on 
Steelmans History. See also the standard works, as 
above, especially Dawson, Lossing, Jones, and Adolphus. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical 
History , VI ; Winsor, Handbook of the American Revolu- 
tion; Frothinghain, Siege of Boston (foot-notes). 


§ 59. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPEN- 

DENCE. 

The Continental Congresses, their powers and consti- 
tutional positions. 1775-76, Growth of the desire for 
separation. 1775-76, May and June, Organization of 
state governments. 1776, May, Virginia Resolves. 
June, R. H. Lee’s Resolutions. July 2, Resolution 
declaring the United Colonies independent. July 4, 
Adoption of the Great Declaration. July 5, The Dec- 
laration published, and. i Aug. 2, signed. Constitutional 
position of the Declaration. The political theories set 
forth therein. 

General. — Higginson, Larger History , Chapter XI ; 
Lecky, England , Chapter XIV ; Higginson in Scribner's 
Magazine , July 1876; John Fiske, American Revolution . 

Special. — Frothingham, Rise of the Republic; George 
Bancroft, United States ; G. T. Curtis, History of the 
Constitution; Story, Commentaries on the Constitution; 
George Tucker, History of the United States; Pitkin, 


70 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. [} 60. 

United States ; George Chalmers, Introduction to the 
History of the Revolt (especially the introduction by Mr. 
Sparks) ; G. AY. Greene, Historical Vieiv ; the standard 
histoiies, especially Gordon ; and the biographies and 
writings of Jefferson, R. II. Lee, the Adamses, Franklin, 
Dickinson and other leading men. 

Sources. — Journals of Congress ; Secret Journals of 
Congress (both sets printed by authority of the Congresses 
and containing less information than the titles indicate) ; 
Works of John Adams , passim; Force, American 
Archives. Lee’s Resolutions are given in fac-simile in 
Force, Archives, 4th Series, YI. The original draft of 
the Declaration of Independence is printed in fac-simile 
in the Congress edition of Jefferson’s Writings, I, 19 and 
in Ford’s ed. II, p. 42. The Declaration as adopted may 
be found in facsimile in the Declaration of Independence 
(issued by the City of Boston in 1876) ; and in Force, 
Archives , 5tli Series, I. Various texts are given by Ford in 
his Jefferson's Writings, I, 30 and 11,42. For the facts as 
to the signing of the Declaration, see Mellen Chamber- 
lain, Authentication of the Declaration of Independence 
in Massachusetts Historical Society , Proceedings , 2nd 
Ser. I, 273 (also printed separately) and Winsor in 
Narrative and Grit iced History , YI, 262-269. 

Bibliography. — Winsor in Narrative and Critical 
History , YI, pp. 100, 101 and ‘‘Editorial Notes” to 
Chapter III ; Winsor, Hand-Book of the Revolution. 


§ 60. THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE STATES. 


1776, July, Strength of the combatants. The Hes- 
sians. 1776, August-December, The Campaign from 


$ 60 .] 


WA n IN THE MIDDLE STATES. 


71 


Long Island to the Delaware. December 26, Surprise 
at Trenton. Importance of this battle. 1777, Burgoyne’s 
Campaign. The Saratoga Convention. Howe’s Campaign 
in Pennsylvania. 1778, Monmouth. 1778-81, Other 
Campaigns in the North. 1780, Treason of Benedict 
Arnold. 

General. — Lecky, England Chapter XIV ; General 
Cullom in Narrative and Critical History , VI, 275-314 
and F. D. Stone in ibid , 367-403 ; Gay, Bryant's Popular 
History . 

Special. — Mahon, England ; Carrington, Battles and 
the standard histories. 

Sources. — The Hessians: E. J. Lowell, The Hes- 
sians in the Revolution ; G. VV. Greene, German Element 
in the War ; Fonblanque, Life of Burgoyne ; Baroness 
Riedesel, Letters and Memoirs relating to the War. 

Long Island to the Delaware, 1776: H. P. 
Johnston, Campaign of 1776 ; biographies and writings 
of Washington, Greene, Joseph Reed, Fianklin, John 
Adams ; T. W. Field in Memoirs of the Long Island His- 
torical Society; Amory, General Sullivan; Heath’s 
Memoirs; Parton, Life of Aaron Burr; Jones, New 
York in the Revolution ; Dunlap, New York; Force, 
Archives , 5th Series; Stiles, Brooklyn; General Howe, 
Narrative of his Conduct. 

Trenton and Princeton: Force, American Archives, 
5th Series, III ; Pennsylvania Magazine of History and 
Biography , VII, 45 ; Massachusetts Historical Society , 
Collections , 5th Series, IV, 32 ; biographies and writings 


72 


WAR IN THE MIDDLE STATES. 


[§ 60 . 


of Washington, Greene, Sullivan, and Knox; Lowell, 
Hessians ; Ran m, History of Trenton; Haven, Annals 
of Trenton; Hagerman, History of Princeton. 

Burgoyne’s Campaign, 1777 : Force, American 

Archives , 5th Series, Yols. I, II, III ; Fonblanque, 
Burgoyne ; Burgoyne, State of the Expedition; W. L. 
Stone, Campaign of Burgoyne; Arnold, Life of Arnold; 
Lossing, Life of Schuyler ; Charles Neilson, An Account 
of Burgoyne' s Campaign; Graham, Life of Daniel 
Morgan; Thacher, Military Journal; E. J. Lowell, 
Hessians ; Baroness Riedesel, Memoirs; the military 
histories, especially Dawson, Battles. For St. Leger’s 
Campaign, see especially Stone, Life of Brant; Stone, 
Campaign of Burgoyne; and E. FI. Roberts, Battle of 
Oriskany. 

For the Battle of Bennington, see especially Stone, 
Campaign of Burgoyne; Smith, History of Pittsfield; 
Holland, Western Massachusetts; Chipman, Life of Seth 
Warner ; Vermont Historical Society , Collections ; Stark, 
Memoir of Stark ; New Hampshire State Papers ; Coburn, 
Centennial of the Battle of Bennington. 

For the Convention, see especially 4 4 Note by General 
Cullom” in Narrative and Critical History , YI, 317 ; 
Charles Deane in American Antiquarian Society , Pro- 
ceedings, 1877 ; George Bancroft, United States; Mahon, 
England , YI. 

Howe’s Campaign, 1777 : Pennsylvania Magazine of 
History ; Scliarf and Wescott, Philadelphia ; Egle, His- 
tory of Pennsylvania; Lewis, Chester County; Smith, 
Delate are County ; Memoirs of the Marquis de Lafayette ; 
General .Tames Wilkinson, Memoirs; Muhlenberg, Life 
of Muhlenberg ; Amory, General Sullivan; Ross, Life of 


§ 60 .] 


WAB IN THE MIDDLE ETA TEE. 


73 


Cornwallis ; the standard histories and military histories, 
especially Gordon and Dawson ; Sparks, Correspondence 
of the Revolution ; biographies and writings of Washing- 
ton (especially that by Marshall), Greene, Knox, 
Wayne, and Pickering; Lowell, Hessians ; Pennsylvania 
Archives. 


The Monmouth Campaign, 1778: Dawson, Battles 
and the other special works ; Works of Alexander Hamil- 
ton (any edition) ; Kapp, Life of Steuben; biographies 
and writings of Washington, Greene, Lafayette, Morgan, 
Pickering, Knox, and Wayne; Bean, Washington and 
Valley Forge ; Sparks, Correspondence of the Revolution ; 
Simcoe, Queen's Rangers; Almon, Remembrancer. 


For Charles Lee, see especially Proceedings of the: 
Court Martial held at Brunswick ; G. II. Moore, Treason 
of Charles I,ee; Long worthy, Memoirs of Lee ; Papers of 
Lee in New York Historical Society , Collections ; Sparks, 
Life of Lee; Marshall, Life of Washington ; Works of 
Hamilton. 

t 

Arnold’s Treason, 1780: Dawson, Papers concerning 
the capture of Andre ; Proceedings of a Board , Sept. 29, 
1780 (reprints in Sargent’s Andre and Boynton’s West 
Point); I. 1ST. Arnold, Life of Arnold; Lossing, Two 
Spies; Dawson, Tried of J. II. Smith; Smith, Nai native ; 
Chandler, American Criminal Triads; Sparks, Life and 
Treason of Arnold; Parton, Life of Burr; Greene, 
Nathanael Greene ; Jones, New York in the Revolution ; 
Sargent, Life of Andre; Leake, Life of General Lamb ; 
Memoirs of B. Tallmadge ; Lafayette, Memoirs ; Marbois, 
Complot (T Arnold et de Sir Henry Clinton ; Rush, Wash- 
ington in Domestic Life; Baker’s edition of Halleck, 


74 


F BENCH ALLIANCE. £§ 61 . 

International Law; Adolphus and Mahon histories of 
England. The best concise account is by Winsor in 
Narrative and Critical History , VI, 447-468. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , VI, 
and Winsor, Hand-Book of the Revolution, using the 
index in each case. 


§ 61. THE FRENCH ALLIANCE. 

1775, Silas Deane in France, Deane and Beaumar- 
chais. 1776, Franklin, Arthur Lee, and Deane 
appointed commissioners. Franklin’s career in France. 
Effect of Burgoyne’s Surrender. 1778, The treaties : (1) 
eventual alliance, (2) commerce. Lord North’s Concili- 
atory Propositions. Results of the Alliance. D’Estaing at 
Newport and Savannah. 

General. — E. J. Lowell in Narrative and Critical 
History, VII, 24-72 ; Parton, Life of Franklin; Greene, 
Historical View. 

Special. — George Bancroft, United, States (Original 
edition), Vol. X; Lyman, Diplomacy of the United States ; 
Trescot, Diplomacy of the American Revolution ; E. E. 
Hale, Franklin in France. 

Sources. — On the negotiations with France, see 
especially : Sparks, Diplomatic Correspondence of the 
Revolution; Wharton, Digest of International Law; 
Wharton, Diplomacy of the American Revolution; Force, 
American Archives; Secret Journals of Congress ; Charles 
Isharn, Silas Deane in New York Historical Society, 


FRENCH ALLIANCE. 


75 


§ 61 .] 

Collections ; Charles Isham in American Historical Msso- 
ciation , Proceedings , 1887 (article on Deane) ; Papers in 
the Case of Silas Deane; Stille, Beaumarchais and the 
Lost Million; Lomenie, Beaumarchais ; biographies and 
writings of Franklin; R. H. Lee, Life of Arthur Lee ; 
Win. Jay, Life of John Jay ; Works of John Adams; 
Lafayette, Memoirs; Circourt in Massachusetts Historical 
Society , Proceedings , XV ; Circourt, Action Commune 
de la France et de V Amerique ; Doriiol, Participation de 
la France cl V Etablissement des Flats- Unis cV Amerique. 

The treaties are in Treaties and Conventions between 
the United States and other Powers ; Secret Journals , etc. 

For the attempts at conciliation and the condition of 
English politics, 1776-79, see especially: the standard 
English histories (§ 55) ; Parliamentary History ; 

Rogers, Protests of the Lords ; Annual Register; Donne, 
Correspondence of George III and Lord North; Chatham 
Correspondence ; Fitzmanrice, Life of Shelburne ; Albe- 
marle, Memoirs of Rockingham; Bedford Papers; Gren- 
ville Papers; Russell, Memoirs of C. J. Fox; Morlev, 
Life of Edmund Burke ; Burke, Works; Horace Walpole, 
Journals; Walpole, Memoirs of George III; Jesse, George 
Selwyn; Auckland Correspondence ; P. O. Hutchinson, 
Thomas Hutchinson ; Campbell, Lord Chancellors (Cam- 
den, Loughborough, and Thurlow) ; Campbell, Lord 
Chief Justices (Mansfield) ; Sir G. C. Lewis, Adminis- 
trations of Great Britain; Earle, Prime Ministers; D. 
Adams, English Party Leaders. 

Bibliography. — Narrative and Critical History , 
VII, foot-notes to Chapter I and 1 ‘Critical Essay” ; Win- 
sor, Hand-Book of the Revolution. 


WAR IN SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT. 


62 . 


7 (> 

§ 62. THE WAR IN THE SOUTHERN DEPART- 
MENT. 

1778, Seizure of Savannah by the British. 1770, 
D’Estaing and Lincoln attempt its recovery. 1780, 
Charleston captured by Clinton. The British occupy 
South Carolina and Georgia; August, Battle of 
Camden ; October, King’s Mountain. 1781, Greene’s 
Campaign from Cowpens to Guilford. His later cam- 
paigns. Lafayette and Cornwallis in Virginia. 1780- 
81, Rochambeau at Newport. 1781, August-October, 
The Yorktown Campaign. 

General. — Lecky, England , Chapter XIV ; Channing 
in Narrative and Critical History , VI, 460-507 ; Greene, 
Nathanael Greene . Ill, Chapter II (a summary of the 
earlier campaigns) ; Parton, Andrew Jackson , Chapters 
V and VI ; Carrington, Battles ; Gay, Bryant's Popular 
History; Parton, Thomas Jefferson; Simms, Francis 
Marion; Greene, Historical View. 

Special. — Ramsay, History of the American Revolu- 
tion , and the other standard works enumerated in § 57, 
especially Dawson, Battles ; Gordon, Revolution , and Sted- 
man, American War ; H. P. Johnston, Yorktown Cam- 
paign; Lowell, Hessians. 

Sources. — The War to September, 1781 : Ramsay, 
Revolution of South Carolina from a British Province to 
an Independent state ; Moultrie, Memoirs of the American 
Revolution ; McCall’s, Jones’s, and Stevens’s histories of 
Georgia; Tarleton, Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 ; 
Mackenzie, Strictures on Tarleton' s History; Hough, 


THE TREATY OF PEACE. 


77 


§ 63 .] 


Siege of Savannah; Almon, Remembrancer; Bowen, 
Life of Lincoln; Hough, Siege of Charleston ; Charleston 
Year-Books; Kapp, Life of John Kalb; O. H. Williams, 
Narrative in appendix to Johnson, Greene ; J. A. Stev- 
ens, The Southern Campaign in Magazine of American 
History, V ; and H. P. Johnston in ibid , VIII ; McRee, 
Life of Iredell. 

Greene’s Campaigns, 1781-83; Greene, Nathanael 
Greene, III; Johnson, Life and Services of Nathanael 
Greene; Henry Lee, Memoirs of the War in the Southern 
Department ; Graham, Life of Daniel Morgan; Horry, 
Life of Francis Marion ; Gibbes, Documentary History ; 
Armstrong, Life of Anthony Wayne ; Tarleton, Cam- 
paigns ; Hamilton, Grenadier Guards; Almon, Remem- 
brancer; Draper, King's Mountain; McSherry, Mary- 
land; Sparks, Correspondence of the Revolution. 

The Yorktown Campaign, 1781 : Washington's 

Writings (either edition) ; biographies of Washington, 
especially that by Marshall ; Giradin, Continuation of 
Burk's Virginia (written under Jeffersonian auspices) ; 
Calendar of Virginia State Papers; Rochambeau, 
Memoirs; Lafayette, Memoirs ; Ross, Correspondence of 
Cornwallis; Tarleton, Campaigns; Kapp, Steuben; 
Almon, Remembrancer ; Magazine of American History, 
VII. 

Bibliography. — Channing in Narrative and Critical 
History , VI, 507-555 ; Winsor, Hand-Book of American 
Revolution . 

§ 63. THE TREATY" OF PEACE. 

Policy of France and Spain during the American War. 
English Politics. 1782, The Second Rockingham Minis- 


> ^ . 
) > * 
> ) 


> 


> ) 

>> 


> 


78 


THE TREATY OF PEACE. 


> 


[§ 63 . 

try; Shelburne and Fox. 1782, Negotiations opened at 
Paris ; Oswald and Franklin. Jay’s suspicions of France ; 
were they well founded? The points in dispute. 1782, 
Nov. 30, The Preliminary Articles. The 1 ‘Separate 
Article. ” 1783, Sept. 3, Definitive Treaty signed at 

Paris. Provisions as to boundaries, debts, fisheries, and 
loyalists. 

General. — Lecky, England, Chapter XV (especially 
pp. 255-288 of the American Edition, Vol. IV) ; 
Parton, Franklin; E. E. Hale, Franklin in France; 
Higginson, Larger History. 

Special. — The general works on American diplomatic 
history enumerated under § 61 ; John Jay in Narrative 
and Critical History , VII, Chapter II ; John Jay, Tlie 
Peace Negotiations of 1782 and 1783 ; Wharton, Diplo- 
matic Correspondence , Introduction under Franklin, Jay, 
Marbois, etc. ; biographies of Franklin by Bigelow, 
Sparks, and Parton ; of John Jay by William Jay and 
George Pellew ; of John Adams by C. F. Adams and 
J. T. Morse ; of Shelburne by Fitzmaurice ; and of C. J. 
Fox by Russell. 

Sources. — The Instructions to the American Com- 
missioners dated June 15, 1781, are in Sparks, Diplo- 
matic Correspondence , X ; Wharton, Diplomatic Corre- 
spondence , IV, 471, 503, 504, 523 ; see also Index at end 
of Vol. VI, under Instructions, Peace Commissioners, 
etc. See especially the above and Works of Franklin, 
, John Adams (Vols. I, VII, and VIII) ; and 
John Jay; Secret Journals of Congress; Parliamentary 
History ; Annual Register. The treaties are in Treaties 
and Conventions and innumerable other places. 



i v 
<1 


79 


§ 64 .] THE CONFEDERATION. 

I 

State of Political Parties in England 1782 : 
The works on English political history enumerated under 
§ 61 ; Stanhope (Mahon) Life of William Pitt ; Roseberry, 
William Pitt ( Twelve English Statesmen) ; Buckingham, 
Courts and Cabinets. See especially Eitzmaurice, Life of 
Shelburne , III and Mahon, England , Chapter LX VI. 

The Loyalists : G. E. Ellis in Narrative and Critical 
History , VII, 185 ; Sabine, American Loyalists issued in a 
revised edition as Biographical Sketches of Loyalists ; 
Ryerson, Loyalists of America; P. O. Hutchinson, 
Thomas Hutchinson ; Jones, New York in the Revolutionary 
War ; histories of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
etc. ; and the standard works, American and English. 


§ 64. THE CONFEDERATION, 1781-89. 

Early Colonial Federations. Colonial Congresses and 
Plans of Union. 1760-1776, Growth of the Union Sen- 
timent. 1776, Articles of Confederation. Claims of the 
States to Western Lands. The Land Cessions. 1781, 
Articles Ratified. Form of Government under the Con- 
federation. Finances of the Revolution. 

General. — Greene, Historical View ; John Fiske, The 
Critical Period of American History ; Gay, Bryant's Pop- 
ular History. 

Special. — Frothinghnm, Rise of the Republic , Chapter 
XII ; II. B. Adams, Maryland's Influence upon the Land 
Cessions ; Pitkin, United States; Tucker, United States ; 
Curtis, History of the Constitution ; Story, Commentaries ; 
McMaster, United States; George Bancroft, United 
States (Last Revision), VI : G. Bancroft, History of the 
Constitution , I. 


80 


THE CONFEDERATION. 


R 64 . 


Sources. — C olonial Congresses and Plans of 
Union : American History Leaflet , No. 14 ; Frothingham, 
Republic , Appendix; Carson, Hundredth Anniversary of 
the Constitution , II, Appendix edited by F. D. Stone ; 
Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New York 
(using the index at end of last volume) ; W. E. Foster, 
Life of Stephen Hopkins , I, 155 ; biographies and works of 
Franklin ; Hutchinson, Massachusetts , III. 

Articles of Confederation : Secret Journals , July, 
1775; Journals of Congress , 1776-77; Works of John 
Adams; biographies and works of Franklin, Madison, and 
Hamilton. The 4 ‘Articles” are in Charters and Consti- 
tutions and innumerable other places. 

The Lands Cessions : The claims of the several states 
to western lands and the cessions can be best studied in the 
official publications ; Charters and Constitutions ; Ameri- 
can History Leaflet , July, 1894 (contains extracts from 
the Charters, etc.) ; Hening, Statutes at Large of Vir- 
ginia, and the collections of other states, cf. § 55 ; Jour- 
nals of Congress; Secret Journals of Congress ; Narrative 
and Critical History , VII, App. I, entitled Territorial 
Acquisitions and Divisions ; Donaldson, Public Domain 
(to be used with great caution) ; Shosuke Sato, Land 
Question; Herbert B. Adams, Maryland’s Influence. 
Duane’s collection of the Laws of the United States con- 
tains many things not printed elsewhere; biographies and 
writings of Madison, Henry, Jefferson, Mason, Washing- 
ton, Mannasseh Cutler, Pickering, St. Clair; histories of 
the several states (§ 55) especially of Virginia, Maryland, 
and Connecticut; Gannett, Boundaries of the United 
States , forming Bulletin of the Geological Survey , contains 
matter relating more especially to state boundaries. 


THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS. 


81 


$ 05 .] 

The Finances of the Revolution : Journals of Con- 
gress ; Secret Journals of Congress; Force, American 
Archives; Bayley, National Loans of the United States ; 
A. S. Bolles, Financial History of the United States , 1774- 
1789 ; Phillips, Paper Currency of the Revolution ; Phil- 
lips, Continental Paper Money ; Sumner, Financier and 
Finances ; Sparks, Gouvernevr Morris. 

Bibliography. — Plans of Union .* Winsor in Narra- 
tive and Critical History , V, 611 ; W. E. Foster, Life of 
Stephen Hopkins , II, Appendix G. 

The Confederation : Narrative and Critical History , 
VI, 274 and 654, VII, Chapter III, foot-notes. 

Land Cessions: Narrative and Critical History, VII, 
Appendix I ; Sato, Land Question, p. 27. 

Finances of the Revolution: Narrative and Critical 
History , VII, 81, and Winsor, Hand-Book of the Revolu- 
tion, 242. 



THE STATE 


CONSTITUTIONS. 


The Colonial Governments in 1775. 1776, Advice of 

Conoress. Formation of the first State Constitutions, 
especially those of New Hampshire, Virginia, South 
Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and (1780) Massa- 
chusetts. Modes of Formation and Ratification. Lead- 
ing principles set forth in these documents. Relations 
of Congress to the states. Later State Constitutions. 

General. — TTothingham, Republic . 561-567 : Fiske, 
Critical Period, Chapter II ; G. Bancroft, United States, 

JX. 


82 


THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS. 


[$ 65 . 


Special. — Curtis, History of the Constitution ; H. von 
Holst, Constitutional Law; Hitchcock, State Constitu- 
tions; Horace Davis, American Constitutions ; J. F. 
Jameson, Introduction to the History of the States ; Sage, 
Republic of Republics; Tucker, Lectures on Constitutional 
Laic ; John A. Jameson, Constitutional Conventions. 


Sources. — Charters and Constitutions (for the consti- 
tutions) ; Journals of Congress ; Secret Journals of Con- 
gress ; Force, American Archives; standard histories of 
the several states (including Vermont). The principal 
sources of information in regard to the formation of the 
several state constitutions are as follows : — 


New Hampshire : Belknap, New Hampshire; Provin- 
cial Papers of New Hampshire ; Massachusetts Historical 
a Society, Collections , 5th Series (“Belknap Papers”) and 
Proceedings , 1st Series, I. 

Massachusetts: Alden Bradford, Massachusetts (espe- 
cially valuable for the account of the proposed constitution 
of 1778, a copy of which is printed in the Appendix) : 
Journal of the Convention [of 1779-1780']; Report of a 
Constitution ... to be laid before the Convention . . . 
1779; John Adams's Works , IV and IX; John Adams, 
Defence of the Constitutions of the United States ; Massa- 
chusetts Historical Society , Proceedings , 1st Series, V. 

New York: Dunlap, New York; Debates in the New 
York Conventions ; biographies of John Jay and Gouver- 
neur Morris; Dunlap, New York; Jones, Yew York in 
the Revolutionary War. 

New Jersey: Journal of the Convention; Elmer, His- 
tory of the Constitution adopted in 1776. 


THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS. 


83 


$ 65. J 

Pennsylvania : Proceedings relative to the Conventions ; 
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , III 
and IV ; biographies and works of Franklin and Joseph 
Reed. 

Virginia: Howland, Life of George Mason; biog- 
raphies and writings of Jefferson, Henry, and Madison ; 
Hening, Statutes; Braxton, Address in Force, Ameri- 
can Archives , 4th Series, VI. 

Bibliography . — Narrative and Critical History , VI, 
*272 ; W. E. Foster, References to the Constitution , 21. 




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